Essay On The Black Death - 901 Words

In the middle of the fourteenth century, European experienced a disease called Black Death, which killed millions of people in six years. By spreading quickly, this disease affected not only on people’s lives but also on economic of many countries, especially those countries in Europe. Therefore, people found out some cures to end this nightmare disease. Ole J. Benedictow. â€Å"The Black Death: The Greatest Catastrophe Ever†. Published in History Today Volume 55 Issue 3 March 2005 Ole Jorgen Benedictow, a Norwegian historian, is known for his work on plagues, especially the Black Death. After graduation in 1968, he was hired as a research fellow. He was also promoted to associate professor and worked as manager of the†¦show more content†¦Imogen Corrigan. â€Å"The Black Death and its Aftermath† Report of the lecture given by Imogen Corrigan, March 24th ,2010 Imogen Corrigan, a medieval historian, has been served in the army for almost 20 years. She st udies Anglo-Saxon and Mediaeval History and get a first-class degree for it. Now she is retired her army service but starting lecturing in the University. According to â€Å"The Black Death and its Aftermath†, the population of Britain was reduced by a quarter to one third in one and a half year. Later research has leaded to 60-63% mortality. In comparison to this disaster, there was only 2% of the population died during the Great War. The number of dead from the disease was as twenty times as of dead during war. The Economist (Website), Millennium issue: The Black Death, â€Å"Plague and Economics†, Dec 23rd, 1999 The Economist online offers authoritative insight on international news, politics, nosiness, finance, science and technology. It is a part of The Economist Group and responsible for The Economist on the Internet. They have offices in New York, London, San Francisco, and a worldwide staff. Some of its members are Walter Bagehot, James Wilson, or Rupert Penna nt-Rea. During the Black Death, the food was not enough for people. With an increasing of dead, there was a shortageShow MoreRelated Black Death Essays1319 Words   |  6 Pages The Black Death, also known as the Black Plague, or the Bubonic Plague killed one third of the population of Europe during its reign in the 13th and 14th centuries. The arrival of this plague set the scene for years of strife and heroism. Leaving the social and Economic aspect in a standstill. The phantom of death became a subject of art, music and folklore and it influenced the consciousness of the people. The impact of this mass killer caused enormous chaos and havoc to the medieval society becauseRead MoreThe Black Death Essay1018 Words   |  5 PagesThe Black Death took place in Europe during the fourteenth century. To the people of the time, facts about the disease were unknown until people started to notice problems that other people were having. The Black Death or â€Å"plague† that killed thousands in the fourteenth century may have evolved into a more modern version of itself. The â€Å"plague† is known as the â€Å"Yersinia pestis† bacteria, which is a rare zoonotic disease. These diseases are spread from animal to human (Newquist 239, Adamloakun MRead MoreEssay On The Black Death924 Words   |  4 Pagesknow precisely what was causing the Black Death to transpire, they also did not know how to cure it. In â€Å"The Black Death†, many thought that they needed to be sin free or that God needed to forgive them for their sins. This was true for people who resided in England during the time of the Black Death as well. Because they believed that the Black Death was God’s punishment, the only way to cure them of the plague was through God’s forgiveness. The article â€Å"Black Death† states, â€Å"By this logic, the onlyRead MoreBlack Death Essay779 Words   |  4 PagesThe Black Death of 1347-1350 had one of the most dominate impacts on Latin Christendom and Islamic Worlds. The pandemic would have an economic, poli tical and demographic change of these worlds for the next three centuries. These area’s impacted were already deeming an economic downfall. With the abrupt change of climate, the agricultural revenues were already suffering. The climate change had impacted mostly the poor people of these countries. The Black Death wasn’t having mercy on anyone that wasRead MoreThe Black Death Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagessong little children sing while holding hands, walking around in a circle and then falling down. The nursery rhyme refers to the Black Death, one of the worst plagues of all time (Schladweller). Known as infectious diseases that spread quickly and kill countless people, plagues have had a tremendous affect on people around the world since the beginning of time. The Black Death, also known as the bubonic plague, is a contagious bacterial infection that has killed millions of people. With the bubonic plagueRead MoreThe Black Death. Essay936 Words   |  4 Pagesyou t o a slow miserable death. In the 1300s people were struck with a great plague, which has now been named â€Å"The Black Death†. The Black Death killed off populations with just one sweep. Historians call this the biggest tragedy of all time. The question is what caused this plague and how does something like this happen? Overtime historians have boiled it down to 2 and some may say 3 explanations, which are religion, science, and humans. With the help of a book The Black Death by Rosemary Horrox I wasRead MoreBlack Death Essay1007 Words   |  5 Pageswas too bright to stand. Within a day or two, the swellings appeared. They were hard, painful, burning lumps on their neck, under their arms, on their inner thighs. Soon they turned black, split open, and began to ooze pus and blood. They may have grown to the size of an orange. These are the symptoms of the Black Death, one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. It is wid ely thought to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague, and during thoseRead More Black Death Essay1184 Words   |  5 Pages Black Death, outbreak of bubonic plague that struck Europe and the Mediterranean area from 1347 through 1351. It was the first of a cycle of European plague epidemics that continued until the early 18th century. A cycle of ancient plagues had preceded these plagues between the 6th and 8th centuries AD; another cycle of modern followed them, but less deadly, plagues that began in the late 19th century and continue in the 20th century. The term quot;Black Deathquot; was not used to refer to theRead MoreEssay on The Black Death1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death was an extensive epidemic that spread across Europe from 1346 to 1353, killing over an estimated one-third of Europe’s entire population (Medieval World 56). Although historians are not entirely sure of its origin, the Black Death spread quickly across both Europe and Asia with a death to ll that augmented rapidly. The plague also had unusual and deadly symptoms, causing â€Å"panic everywhere, with men and women knowing no way to stop death except to flee from it† (Kohn 28). The chaosRead More the black death Essay752 Words   |  4 Pages In â€Å"The Black Death† the author Phillip Ziegler attempts to fully describe the Plague that struck Europe in 1338 and remained until 1665. The year of the great Plague of London Ziegler tries to give an unbiased account of the Plague by compiling information from contradictory sources. Ziegler begins the book with the Tartans catapulting diseased corpses into Genoese as the Genoese escape back to Europe. Following this, the author provides some insight into the Plague in Italy, Germany, and France

What Do You Think Defines Someone As A Boy Or A Girl Essay

â€Å"Winner of national transgender beauty pageant stripped of her title because she was not transgender enough † Discussion Question #1.) What do you think defines someone as a boy or a girl? Traditional gender norms? Physical appearance? What happened? - Jai Dara Latto, transgender female, the winner of the national transgender beauty pageant, gets her title taken away (Murray, 2016) - Accused of being a drag queen, and not transgender enough (Murray, 2016) - Reason given is that Latto was shown wearing boxer shorts and also a t-shirt and shorts at the gym (Murray, 2016) Why do we care? - Issue is gaining more media attention and also more representation o Laverne Cox, Caitlyn Jenner, and Beatie (Merritt, 2014) - Impacts members of societies o High schools, public restrooms - Very important to acknowledge this issue to gain equality Thesis Jai Dara Latto’s pageant title should not be taken away because of accusations of her being a drag queen because of what she chooses to wear Key Terms - Sex o Biologically male or female (Sproule, 2001, p.386) - Gender o Social roles that the society considers to be appropriate for men and women (Sproule, 2001, p.384) - Transgender o A person who identifies as the opposite gender; have not had gender reassignment surgery (â€Å"Transgender,† n.d.) - Transexual o A person who has had gender reassignment surgery and has undergone hormone treatment (â€Å"Transsexual,† n.d.) Lenses: Gender Expression - A way of showing masculinity orShow MoreRelatedThe Social Hierarchy954 Words   |  4 Pageshierarchy that is school labels and defines students. That girl you called a slut in class today. She’s a virgin. The pregnant girl walking down the street. She got raped. The boy you called lame. He has to work every night to support his family. That girl you pushed down the other day. She’s already being abused at home. That girl you called fat. She’s starving herself. The boy you made fun of for crying. His mother is dying. You think you know them. Guess what? You don’t. You don’t know their stories, soRead MoreWhat Did The Toys Received Or Played With During Childhood1057 Words   |  5 Pages What did the toys received or played with during childhood do to reinforce or break those patterns of gender socialization? In my opinion, if you are a boy, you played with trucks, action figures, toy weapons, or sports equipment. If you were a girl, you played dress-up, played with dolls, or pretend kitchen sets. As we grow, we learn how to behave from those around us. At a very early age, children are introduced to certain roles that are typically linked to their biological sex. The term genderRead MoreGender Roles. What Did The Toys Received Or Played With868 Words   |  4 PagesGender Roles What did the toys received or played with during childhood do to reinforce or break those patterns of gender socialization? In my opinion if you are a boy, you played with trucks, action figures, toy weapons, or sports equipment. If you were a girl, you played dress-up, played with dolls, or pretend kitchen sets. As we grow, we learn how to behave from those around us. At a very early age, children are introduced to certain roles that are typically linked to their biological sex. TheRead More`` Many Boys Today Define Masculinity Negatively `` By Leonard Sax970 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe the arguments each author makes, but keep your tone neutral/unbiased/reporter-like. 2. Write 5-7 sentences explaining which author you think made the best argument. Describe why you think the author won the argument. You do not need to agree with the author to think they won the argument. Are We Raising Sexist Sons? 1. In â€Å"Many Boys Today Define Masculinity Negatively†, the author Leonard Sax writes about how the meaning of masculinity has become redefined in a negative way. SaxRead MoreA Speech Of Stereotyping : Speech, And Stereotypes1474 Words   |  6 Pagesstereotypes-SPEECH First of all, what is a stereotype? According to google, a stereotype is a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing. To simply put it, a stereotype is when you judge someone based on their appearance, behaviour or race. Stereotyping is something that happens everyday. Usually before meeting or actually knowing someone. It has been proven that the instant we meet someone or the first few moments of encountering a new personRead MoreFeminism And Gender Roles Importance1632 Words   |  7 Pagesjudge someone in our world today. Being a girl is typically a sign of being weak, powerless, and not as important. If a man was called a girl, it means they are being childish, or stupid about a certain situation. On the reverse, being a man comes with many expectations of power and strength as well as just being the bigger, better person. They say boys learn how to be a man from none other than his father, or a father figure none the less. P eople stick on stereotypes for being both a girl and aRead MoreSexual Harassment And Its Effects On Children1661 Words   |  7 PagesSexual harassment is difficult to define, mostly due to the wide range of behaviors that are classified as sexual harassment. It could be a verbal suggestion, an unwanted picture being shown to someone, crude comments, or gestures, and, of course, it could be physical assault (Heritage, 1996). This difficult identification of sexual harassment leads to difficulty in presenting an education about it. In the end, any behavior that makes someone uncomfortable by someone else, in any sexual nature, shouldRead MoreGender Socialization : The Real World1442 Words   |  6 PagesGender Socialization When someone is pregnant, people will usually ask for the sex of the unborn child thus proving that people are socially categorized from the beginning of life and is something that is continued throughout life. One is expected to behave the way their assigned gender is supposed to behave. Gender socialization is when people are expected to act a certain way based on their â€Å"gender†. Through the following agents: family, schools, peers, and media, gender socialization is emphasizedRead MoreEssay on Problems Associated with Gender Socialization in Society1637 Words   |  7 Pagesconditioning begins. The child whether a boy or a girl will end up being taught many different sets of behaviours and how they should act. A boy is taught things such as sports, how to be complete and self reliant. He is also taught to be strong; such as when you get hurt to not cry, as society expects boys to not cry. Boys are also taught not to show emotions in anyway and to not show anyone how they feel or to not give the correct answer if asked how they feel. Boys are taught that this is the masculineRead MoreDeviations in Gender Roles in The Hunger Games, by Suzanne Collins,948 Words   |  4 Pages Do you wonder why girls wear make up and guys get their hair cut? Why when you dont follow these rules youre considered an outcast to the rest of the rule abiding world? In the book The Hunger Games, by Suzanne Collins, the main character, Katniss is put against 23 other tributes ages twelve to seventeen, one boy and one girl from each of the twelve districts in a fight... to the death. The hunger games gives the winning tribute(s) wealth and power for themselves and their district and the losers

Evaluation of ‘Critical Essay on ‘Theme for English B’’ free essay sample

â€Å"Evaluation of ‘Critical Essay on ‘Theme for English B’’† â€Å"Critical Essay on ‘Theme for English B’†, written by Chris Semansky, is just that: an analytical essay on Langston Hughes’ poem â€Å"Theme for English B†. The article is a dissection of the author’s insight on the subject matter. The paper provides a detailed assessment of the content of Langston Hughes’ work by providing the reader with perspective on Hughes’ possible thoughts about people and the way they view themselves as well as others and how it affects their own judgments about themselves.The author strengthens his evaluation with background information about the poet. The writer of the article speculates that the poem is actually self-biographical. Chris Semansky’s insight provides a unique perspective on the interpretation of â€Å"Theme for English B†. His observations are worded appropriately and concisely, and it is easy for one to comprehend how he would arrive at such conclusions. While one point made by the author is contradictory to something read elsewhere during the course of study for Composition 2, most of the content of this particular essay were dead-on.After reading this analysis, one feels as though they have a deeper understanding of the poem and the thought process Langston Hughes may have applied when writing â€Å"Theme for English B†. Mr. Semansky highlights several very legitimate, very interesting points in his assessment Hughes’ work. He writes, â€Å"†¦Hughes suggests that the self, rather than being coherent and autonomous, is actually the effect of relationships. † (Semansky, â€Å"Critical Essay on â€Å"Theme for English B†) Upon reading this statement, one realizes that, as people, we do apply others’ assessments of ourselves when defining who we really are. Whether this is something one â€Å"should† do is irrelevant; it is a reflexive act ingrained in us from infancy. As a society, one’s self-worth is contingent upon others’ acceptance of us. Hopefully this â€Å"checking in† of sorts diminishes in importance as people learn to filter out what is simply thinly veiled, undue bitterness from influences outside themselves. This influence can manifest itself in the way of race, creed, color, sex, etc. For example, a person who is raised in a Christian family may have very little regard for people of the Muslim faith.This is not necessarily because of a conflict that an individual within that family has endured with a person of a different faith; it is fair to say that most people are groomed in an egocentric manner in which they believe their beliefs and ideals are the only â€Å"right† ones. Therefore, there may be a certain, maybe even unintentional, feeling of separation toward others with different be liefs or lineage, as can be interpreted in Hughes’ poem. In â€Å"Theme for English B†, Hughes writes, â€Å"In â€Å"Theme for English B†, Hughes writes, â€Å"I am the only colored student in my class. (Kennedy and Gioia, 980). The implied reason for Hughes to write down what is plainly true is that the fact that the narrator is a man of color is somehow supposed to affect how he thinks, feels, acts, etc. and the absence of others who share his race leaves him a bit alienated and without â€Å"backup† in the classroom. Such a feeling may prohibit a person in the poem’s narrator’s position to hesitate to participate in class discussions for fear of ridicule or drawing even more attention to the solitary brown person in the class.When Hughes follows up with â€Å"Well, I like to eat, sleep, drink, and be in love†¦ I guess being colored doesn’t make me not like the same things other folks like who are other races. † (Kennedy and Gioia, 980), it’s almost as though Hughes’ narrator comes to the realization himself that he is not, in fact, so very alien from his classroom peers, or his neighbors, or his fellow man, whatever ethnicity that man may be. Mr.Semansky makes the argument that,† His black identity rests on the fact that there is also a white identity; his identity as a Southerner rests on the fact that there is a North; his identity as a student rests on the fact that there is a teacher; and his youth rests on the fact that there are those older than him. † (Semanksy, Critical Essay on Theme for English B. ) This is very intriguing. It certainly can be argued that for every quality there is a sort of opposite, of course in many instances there is an overlap.Considering tradition black and white culture, it’s obvious that some of the things we base these cultural values on are stereotypes at very best. However, the foundation of black culture in America is in slavery, and the opposite in this instance with reference to the white culture is in ownership of the African slaves, a kind of forced inequality. Although the Emancipation Proclamation began a long fight for supposed freedom and equality of all men, there is residual hatred and contempt even now. In the nstance of age being a factor, typically we look at our elders and bestow upon them the wisdom of the experience their years on earth have granted them. Age can also lock in old or obsolete ideals. The youth of a society oftentimes is regarded as more open minded and therefore more willing to â€Å"roll with the punches† and adapt to the changing times. With reference to the older professor, Hughes makes a subtle implication that the instructor will view the narrator’s assignment as different, as he is the only person of color in the entire class, saying, â€Å"So will my page be colored that I write? .. Being me, it will not be white. †(Kennedy and Gioia, 980). In the final segment of Mr. Semansky’s article, he describes the narrator of â€Å"Theme for English B† completing a poem, rather than the assigned page, as â€Å"an act of rebellionof questioning the instructors very identity as teacher. † (Semansky, Critical Essay on Theme for English B. ). This is quite a dramatic accusation, as the instructor’s instructions for the assignment are rather vague as described in the original poem by Hughes, the assignment was, â€Å"Go home and write a page tonight.And let that page come out of you-Then it will be true. † (Kennedy and Gioia, 979). There are no specific guidelines given anywhere else in the work; there are no boundaries set. To gather that the poem’s narrator is somehow violating some sacred code of respect to the instructor’s authority is absurd. It seems as though the assignment in the poem was to allow ample room for creative interpretation by the student body, therefore sharing some authority with the students in the jurisdiction of their own work. Critical Essay on ‘Theme for English B’† raises many valid points on what Langston Hughes intended to say to the reader and why. The breakdown of several parts of the poem and how they may have come to fruition were delightful to read and to interpret along with one’s own understanding of Hughes’ work. Although when reading another person’s interpretation of a creative work there may be a difference of opinion, it is often our own experiences which shape our own understanding , and vice versa. It is for this reason that poetry from centuries ago is still enjoyed, and quarreled over, now and for all time. Works Cited Semansky, Chris. Critical Essay on Theme for English B.   Poetry for Students. Ed. Mary Ruby. Vol. 6. Detroit: Gale Group, 1999. Literature Resource Center. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. Kennedy, X. J. , and Dana Gioia. Theme for English B  Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. 11th Ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2007. 979-80. Print.

Tata Motors free essay sample

1. Describe the economic characteristics of the global motor vehicle industry. The characteristics of the global motor vehicle industry are a boom in certain places and a bust in others all due to economic conditions in different nations. Four years after tow of Detroit Michigan’s big three went into bankruptcy American car makers are going â€Å"full throttle† with sales in August hitting an annual rate that if substantiated can take them back over 16 million and that is a rate that was last hit before the economic crisis and 80% higher than 2009 when GM and Chrysler went into bankruptcy. The opposite is happening in Europe being in its sixth year slump now and with a weak economy, high petroleum prices and an aging population being weighing factors on mass market car makers. This has led to cost cutting and over capacity for European car makers. This seems to be a trend worldwide as well as car makers are depending on there luxury brands to make them profitable. We will write a custom essay sample on Tata Motors or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tata has seen a profit due to Jaguar and Land Rover surging there net sales up 71% to 566 million dollars and raising revenues 31% to 568. 82 billion rupees. This came dispute as the company said â€Å"a weak operating environment in the India business which was more than offset by increasing wholesale volumes and richer product and market mixes at JLR†. This is similar to Renault depending on Nissan and sales of cars produced in low cost factories in Romania to cover domestic losses. Mercedes and BMW are generating healthy profits but Volkswagen despite having a leading European market share relies on Audi for 60% of there profits. This is the same story for Tata as Mahantesh Sabarad, an analyst at Fortune Financial Services India Ltd. Stated that JLR is driving more than 100% of the profit while the parent is incurring losses. 2. What are the key success factors for a successful firm in the global motor vehicle industry. I believe the first key factor for a successful firm in the global motor vehicle industry is to have sustainable practices be it the wages they pay, dealer networks, or operating cheap effective factories to produce high selling luxury cars at an affordable rate. The next factor is to have a quality, compelling products that innovate and capture the customers attention. This is clear in that while people are statistically staying away from buying a car in exchange for public transportation especially in England, that luxury cars are selling well in worldwide poor economies. I would say the next factor is to create cars to sell to the U. S. market. Take the foreign market for example where the Ford focus in the United states is a clear C list car that isn’t that desirable is a great seller in countries like Germany where it is highly desired. The third factor is public perception. Auto makers must capture the public attention for sales, not just make the â€Å"best† or cheapest car. For years in America we have an opinion that due to the bailout for example that foreign cars are better and as such seek out Mercedes, Audi, BMW, Jaguar etc. and not a Cadillac. We seen this with GM who was trying to sell the ponaic G8 that was half the cost of European performance sedans and was a failure in the U. S. despite being one of GMs most exciting cars ever made for the market. The forth factor would be to study the market carefully. Motor vehicle companies must compete globally to make a living and as such must examine the growing markets worldwide and examine what cars sell and what customers want to see in the future of automobiles. In summery take Japan for example in that operational efficiency, product differentiation and customer satisfaction were key factors in the success of Japanese automakers. Localization also played an important role in capturing market share. All of these factors show the changing dynamics of the global automotive industry. 3. What are Tata Motors internal strengths and weaknesses? Identify competencies that the companys major competitors are lacking. What market opportunities does the company have and what threats can you identify that may have negatively impact the companys future? One of Tatas strengths is that the strategy to keep local managers in new acquisitions seems to be a key for Tata. That along with only transporting a couple of senior managers from India into new markets seems to work for them. This allows them to trade expertise such as learning a work discipline and getting the product right the first time as it is stated from them that they learned after the Daewoo acquisition. The ownership of Jaguar and Land Rover is in my oppion there greatest strength due to that these brands have been giving Tata there only success and profitability in the global market while they are losing market share in their home market. Tata also has the strengths of being the number 1 manufacturer in India, 3rd largest bus manufacture by volume, 3rd largest passenger vehicle manufacturer in India, and 4th in manufacturing trucks by volume in the world. Tata also has a very high employee satisfaction of 65%. I see Tata as having many weaknesses that really need to be evaluated to make this company last as long as other motor vehicle makers have. First factor would be that Tata is very limited in there debt and financing agreements. Another weakness is the Nano. With sub par sells, lack of any bells and whistles, and questionable safety standards makes this poor performing car a major weakness especially since this was Tatas big product for their home market and simply isn’t selling there as well as cannot sell in the U. S. without costly additions and redesign. Although JLR was purchased by Tata no one associates them with the luxury brands and looks at Tata as commercial vehicles and low cost vehicles. Another key weakness for Tata is that they have a very high plant cost and the large variety of cars they design can increase complications in their supply chain management. Tata does face a few key opportunities that could potential boost the company to a positive note. The first factor would be a concentration on new JLR models to boost sales with them since this is simply the only products selling and reevaluate the Nano and their approach in India. Opportunities for Tata also can be the growing infrastructure on a massive scale in India that if utilized could boost Tatas sales on the home market. Also if Tata can penetrate the rural market in India before the competition they will find a niche to sell to that is projected to keep growing. Tata also has the opportunity to grow the business with new acquisitions and increasing exportation in nations such as China and England where sales are increasing for Tata. Tata is in a poor position in the global motor vehicle industry and as such face a great deal of threats. The first threat is the poor economic conditions in the foreign and domestic markets. In India they face a lowering growth rate, poor availability of credit, lower disposable income, high fuel prices, and inflation issues that are only predicted to be worse in the future. Tata also faces the threat of increased competition from foreign and domestic competition as they are losing claim in the home market to other Indian companies such as Maruti and also facing competition in the cheap, affordable car market with GM, Ford, and Renault all selling affordable cars international that are much more well equipped than the Nano. Tata as with many other manufacturing companies face environmental regulations that could cut into their business with such factors as the diesel taxes, emission levels, noise, safety, and pollution of their production facilities. Another threat for Tata is that in their home market they face political instability and changes in tax policies and regulations that always generates a threat for any business because it makes forecasting the marketplace that much more difficult. My last threat for Tata is a bit of a funny one that you will see from time to time in the business world. The word Tat in English means rubbish and this is something to take into consideration if they are to advertize there business when selling jaguar and land rover to a brand sensitive British market although sales of these two brands are up in the U. K. 4. Would you describe Tata Motors international strategy as a global, transnational, or multidomestic strategy? Explain your answer. I would describe Tata Motors international strategy as a multidomestic strategy. This is due to the very definition of the multidomestic strategy that a company tries to achieve a maximum local responsiveness by customizing both their product offering and marketing strategy to match different national conditions. This strategy also has companies such as Tata create different headquarters in different nations that are separated into different regional offices globally based on the cardinal directions: North, South, East, West. We can also see this also with Tatas strategy of the Nano in their home country of India and the sales of JLR in other nations such as England that have gave Tata their means for profitability as of right now. This differs from a global strategy due to Tata does not sell a standardized product all around the world and it is clear that Tata does not have a tight, controlled price of products across international markets and locations. Although transnational and multidomestic strategies are fairly close transnational differs from Tatas multinational business operates in several foreign countries, but it delegates strategic decision-making responsibility to its overseas subsidiaries, which operate as autonomous businesses where as transnational contain a varying degree of coordination between foreign nations and create value added features for a global environment but customized implications for regions that Tata doesn’t due besides in India. 5. What are the driving forces in the global motor vehicle industry? The first driving force in the global motor vehicle industry is innovation. Worldwide auto makers need an innovative edge as we seen in the Under Armour case to beat the fierce competition to the market with the next big car idea that will capture the imagination of the global populous. Innovation promotes an openness to think differently, welcome change, prepare for the unknown, wrestle with present problems, find solutions and recognize opportunity. The automotive industry embraces the hallmarks of innovation, from discoveries of pure science to the development of technologies and even the evolutions of practices on the manufacturing floor. The next driving force are the market trends. Auto makers studying the ins and outs of the global market and compete with fierce competition to capture a market share in key markets like China. To capture key margins companies are cutting prices, especially at the low end market that directly affects Tatas Nano even more to sell cheap middle income cars to growing markets worldwide. The next driving force is the production of the cars that these global forces make. This is a major disadvantage for Tata because they continue to carry a high cost of goods sold as well as a continuing growing inventory that hits Tata for a large amount of money and also connects to my argument for their poor supply chain management and the creation of models that fail to sale that Tata refuse to cut for a lose and move on. Worldwide driving force that we see is very prevalent today is export cost of cars. We see many companies opening facilities in emerging markets such as India, China, Brazil, and Russia to take advantage of huge markets as well as cheap labor and export cost to assist auto makers to help cut cost to achieve profitability and competitive advantage. 6. What are the relative strengths of the five competitive forces affecting the global automobile industry. The greatest factor affecting the global automobile industry is the shear intensity of rivalry in the industry. For Tata they face an emerging home market that is highly competitive that is improving its infrastructure and has robust growth prospects compared to other mature markets. These global competitors bring with them international expertise, global scale, advanced technology, and significant financial support. On top of the intense rivalry Tata faces losing market share in India and a failing car in the Nano that has not been improved on since 2010. The next factor is the bargaining power of buyers and it is mixed intensity in different nations. In the United States we always haggle with an automobiles price where as in locations such as Singapore this is far less common. Internationally the bargaining power of buyers in the CV segment is much higher than in the PV segment. However lowering a low cost product also lowers the bargaining power of buyers. With bargaining power of suppliers it truly depends on how each and every manufacturer handles all the automobile makers. For data my data show as -30 to -60 days working capital and inventory turnover of around 13 days so they are doing decent in this factor but the switching cost of suppliers no matter the company is increasingly high. The threat of substitutes is relatively low as no other method of travel offers the same level of freedom, ease of use, and speed as an automobile does. For Tata they create other means of travel being two- three wheelers being a direct substitute product and public transportation as an indirect substitute of transportation. There is research international that show less and less people are opting out of buying a car and using public transportation more often so this is defiantly a factor that may creep up and hurt the global marketplace. The threat of new entries is low due to the high cost of entry but it is easy for existing company’s to enter new markets as we can see in the case study with GM, Ford, and Renault all entering the Indian market not 2 years ago and hitting Tata hard with affordable cars that are greater equipped to sell to India and the global market as a whole. 7. What is the financial condition of Tata Motors as indicated from case Exhibits 3 and 4? What is the ability to meet short term obligations? What advice can you offer to Tatas management based on the information in the financial statement? Tata has many factors that must be observed in this income statement that must be examined. First is that Tata needs to look into reducing their cost of materials consumed as it increased more than 30 million rupees and only produced 4 million more in ending profit for the year. I would also recommend to Tata to reduce the cost they have with their employees. With my research of Tata employees being happy working their with a 65% approval rating they would not suffer from reducing this expense and trimming the fat so to speak. Also Tata must dive into their taxes as in 2011 they gained over 1 million rupees then the following year lost 40,000 rupees in the same category. With Exhibit 4 I would recommend that Tata use surplus revenue to pay off extensive liabilities and invest this capital their net worth into RD as well as share capital. Tata as described in Exhibits 3 and 4 is unstable with a current ratio under 1 at . 88 . This validates the issues Tata has with converting there products to cash minus the JLR branch that carries Tata. The last bit of advice I would offer to Tata is to simply buckle down and hit the drawing board to release products that are researched to sell globally and scrape the Nano in exchange for a passenger car that can sell globally. Due to great exchange rates in Tatas favor due to the Rupee decrease in value Tata must concentrate on selling in foreign markets like how the Jaguar and Land Rover are increasing in sales by 56 per cent in China, 51 per cent in the U. S. and up 20 per cent in the UK. I also believe that Tata is simply a new brand and if they want to compete with the giants of the industry like GM, Ford, Chrysler, Nissan, BMW etc. they have to create a name for themselves and not just depend on Jaguar and Land Rover for sales that they received from Ford on a fire sale. 8. What do you consider to be the most important problems and issues facing Tata Motors, based on your analysis of company and the global motor vehicle industry? Prioritize these problems and issues beginning with the most important. I believe the most important problem facing Tata Motors is there poor current ration and there dependence on the JLR branch to generate â€Å"over 100% of the profitability for the company. This is clearly a huge issue for Tata as it show that they cannot quickly convert inventory to cash as well as they have no brand recognition past the Indian marketplace for there name brand products. With the continuing failure of the Nano and their continuing support of this failing product Tata really needs to reevaluate the overall business structure and see that without JLR they are nothing. For the global market a major issue is the under performance of passenger cars but the resurgence of luxury automobiles. This creates fierce competition for the high end luxury brands as well as creates businesses ex Tata that may move a heavy concentration to their luxury brands. I would rate the global environment as the next major factor where growth rates are declining to five year lows and the general populous in large geographic regions are opting to use public transportation instead of buying a new car. The next factor is that Tata has to regain there share of the Indian market. With such an emerging market that is building an improved infrastructure and a growing urban and rural populous Tata would be daft not to reevaluate the Nano strategy and create an automobile that can sell in India, compete with the foreign company’s penetrating their marketplace, and also create a vehicle that can sell overseas. Tata must look to rebuild image and save face in the India marketplace as well as create automobiles under the Tata name that will sell to the masses to not only generate profit but increase what in my opinion is a low brand awareness. With a weak stock and poor turnaround time on merchandise it should be clear that Tata is not a company I would recommend to invest in unless management comes to grips and takes the market by the horns. 9. What actions would you suggest to the companys management team to help Tata Motors sustain or improve its competitive position in the domestic market and global markets, and its long -term financial performance? The first action I would recommend to Tata Motors is to concentrate on the global market with automobiles that will sell worldwide and meet worldwide standards of performance and safety. I believe if Tata would concentrate on there advantage of being an India company and truly utilize the exchange rates as they have with JLR they can release a worldwide automobile to get their brand name out to the people such the United States and we have seen many times before that despite some of our nations shortcomings that other nations look to the U. S. for the next big thing and Tata could capitalize on that with innovation and a revitalized production. For the domestic market the Nano is simply not selling and automobiles are seen as a luxury Item in India so I see Tata could look into their two and three wheel manufacturing for innovation and sales in there home market. If everyone uses scooters and motorcycles create the next big thing in two wheel travel in your home country and capture the home market again. Scooters are very popular in other nations such as Italy as well and could easier sell an innovative scooter to other nations thereby using the exchange rate to their advantage and again building new brand awareness. Tata must remove the stigma of being the guy that makes that cheap car and become the new big India brand in order to succeed. As much as I like Jaguars I feel that they cannot depend on their sales alone to carry the company and nor should they. Tata must examine their supply chain management and weak understanding of the Macro environment as well as in my opinion ether sell or innovate substantiates sales to invigorate the brands such as their passenger cars dropping 33. 44% and utility vehicles dropping 13. 18 %. Hyundai is having a field day in India while Tata suffers to regain market share but motorcycle sales did increase 18% which reenforces my call on increasing RD on motorcycles for international sale as well as go to the drawing board and see why your passenger cars are failing and fix it because it will get worse before it gets better. In summery for Tata I feel they need to look into better supply chain management, RD, concentrate on global market with building a stronger brand, stronger CV and PV sales, and with these factors in check hopefully increase demand for what could be an emerging brand if restructured accordingly.

The United States decision to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki essays

The United States decision to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki essays The United States decision to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki In World War 2 the United states of America made a major decision in their reaction to the bombings they received in Pearl Harbour, they choose to demonstrate there power once and for all to the rest of the world, by making a very controversial decision. On December 7, 1941 the Japanese attacked the American fleet at Pearl Harbour. Taking the Americans by surprise 19 ships were sunk and about 2,400 American soldiers and sailors were killed. Four years later, on August 6 and August 9, 1945 the Americans would take the Japanese by surprise by destroying the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki with two atomic bombs. This decision is still an ongoing debate with many historians and politicians on why the atomic bomb, and why these cities. Harry Truman said in regard to the atomic bomb, "it seems to be the most terrible thing ever discovered, but it can be made the most useful" The atomic bomb could very well be the most terrible thing ever invented. It is a weapon of destruction. When first tested with only thirteen pounds of the explosive, the bomb left a crater six feet deep and twelve hundred feet in diameter as well as causing a sixty foot steel tower to literally disappear. This test which occurred in New Mexico was visible from two hundred miles away and could be heard up to forty miles away (Kurzman). With the destructive ability of this weapon in mind, using the bomb certainly would have been one of the most difficult decisions for Truman to make. He decided to use the bomb in order to shorten the war. His reasoning was that countless lives would be saved while delivering all people who were currently under Japanese rule. He gave Japan a chance to surrender, but they declined so he went on with the plan t o drop the bomb called "Little Boy." This "Little Boy" weighed 8,000 pounds and contained destructive power equal to 12.5 kilotons of TNT . One 6 ...

How to answer Where do you see yourself in 5 yearsÂÂ

How to answer Where do you see yourself  in 5 years   There’s a question that seems to pop up all the time, and you can count on hearing it from inquiring bosses, curious colleagues, friends and family members, and perhaps most often- and most importantly- on job interviews. It’s ‘Where do you see yourself in five years?† How you answer this can say plenty about you. Want to learn how to best handle this question if you’re ever confronted with it and there’s a lot depending on your answer, like possibly getting a new job? Typically, this question arises on interviews in an effort to gauge your long-term career aspirations, as well as your ability to be self-reflective and think quickly on your feet. If you were faced with this question, would you be able to competently answer it in a way that would reflect positively on you? You certainly should be, because your answer may reveal a lot about you to the hiring personnel who are evaluating you as a potential candidate.If you’re starting to ge t anxious about whether or not your ability to answer this question effectively passes muster, don’t be- there are several strategies you can take advantage of in order to handle it well and improve your position during interviews. The Balance published an article  that covers some helpful strategies for letting the world know where you see yourself in 5 years. Make the most of the advice presented here to knock this question out of the park when it comes your way.Be honestThe first thing to do when confronted with this question is to take a deep breath and relax. Why? Because it’s not a trick question and it’s not designed to be. You shouldn’t feel pressured into making up a fantastical answer that demonstrates a desire to be on some unrealistic career trajectory. At its core, of your answer should reflect an honest but carefully considered and logical look at how you’d like to see your professional goals expand and evolve over time. It’s ok to reflect a level of ambition; in fact, your answer should show a desire for growth- no one fully respects a stagnant mindset. Just make sure that your answer shows a deep understanding of the industry you’re pursuing, reflects a level of growth that someone can reasonably hope to achieve in 5 years (going from the mailroom to the CEO’s desk may not be the best response, even if it’s what you’re aiming for), and includes a plan for making it all happen if pressed to elaborate.Don’t hop over the position in front of youYes, you want your answer to this question to highlight the fact that your ambitious and hope to achieve professional growth over the next 5 years, but you don’t want your answer to make it seem as if the current job in front of you is merely a brief stepping stone that you hope to leapfrog past quickly. Make sure your answer doesn’t come across that way.Mind your body languageAlways be sure that your delivery is ju st as strong as the content of your answer, because your audience will certainly be paying attention. Be sure to answer confidently and succinctly with impeccable body language and focus, and you’ll be doing you and your well-thought-out answer a real service.Highlight your giftsWhenever there’s a good opportunity to highlight your skill set and abilities on a job interview you should take it- it really doesn’t hurt to remind an interviewer what makes you a great candidate who potentially stands out from the crowd of applicants. So make sure that you back up your 5-year plan with reasons how and why your talents will help make it all possible.A few good answersUptowork published an article that highlights several well-crafted answers to the question â€Å"Where do you see yourself in 5 years?† Consider adapting these sample responses to fit your situation and goals.â€Å"In five years, I want to complete the internal training program for my position. Iâ €™ve read about it on your website, and I think it’s a fabulous program. Not only would I get all the training for my role, but I would be on the fast track to becoming a project manager. That’s my top career goal. Plus, my ideal path would include working abroad for a couple of years. I understand that it’s of value to you to find people prepared to do so.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"One of the reasons I want to work for PG is because I find your personalized approach to training attractive. I’m excited about the opportunity to work with a mentor and immerse myself in learning new skills. I’m also the type of employee that likes to hit the ground running and jump into projects as soon as possible. So, over the next five years, I see myself taking on as many complex assignments as the position would allow. By the end of that period, I want to say that I’ve built lasting client relationships. I want to say that I’m one of the best Salespeople on the team. I wouldn’t mind becoming someone who could train and mentor others when the time comes as well.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"As a marketing professional, I want to develop my skill set. At the end of the next five years, I want to know how to use software like Photoshop or InDesign. I want to have a better understanding of social media and video marketing. Plus I’d like to get into project management. I would like to learn on the job. Regardless, I want to look into online or evening courses. My hope is that I can apply my new skills to my job with you.†There’s no need to get nervous at the thought of having to tackle the (almost inevitable) question â€Å"Where do you see yourself in 5 years?† on interviews and other high-stakes situations. Use the strategies and advice presented here to put your best foot forward when answering this classic question. Good luck!Source: [zety.com]

Contemporary Issue Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contemporary Issue - Term Paper Example It appeared that neither Henrietta Lacks, nor her family gave any consent for the using her cells for any kind of the research. Only when a line called HeLa cells was created, the family got to know that the cells of their relative were unlawfully used for this line. â€Å"The downside of this story is that no one said anything to Lacks herself about taking her cells -- nor did anyone get permission from her family. And as the years went by, and some people began to make money from the cells no one ever revealed this to Henrietta’s descendants, as is told in Skloot’s wonderful book. But that failure has now been fixed† (Caplan, 2013). When the information about the results of the research of the cells, which belong to Henrietta Lack, were published by European Molecular Biology Laboratory, her relatives were surprised to find out about how the cells of Henrietta were applied â€Å"they eventually learned they had fueled a line called HeLa cells, which have gener ated billions of dollars, but they didnt realize until this spring that her genome had been sequenced and made public for anyone to see† (Caplan, 2013). The grandchildren of Henrietta considered such actions to be the violation of their rights and immediately contacted the laboratory with the request to withdraw the material about their family due to the lack of their consent for its publication. The researchers had to apologize and change the rules. New rules prescribe that two representatives of Lacks’ family will supervise the access to the information about their relative. Now every investigator, who plans to use HeLa cells for the research, must inform the relatives about the intention. However, they still did not receive any access to the profit that could be received from the line. The book about Henrietta Lacks and her case was published in 2010 with the title â€Å"The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks†. This book, written by Rebecca

Porter's Competitive Forces Model-Information Systems Research Paper

Porter's Competitive Forces Model-Information Systems - Research Paper Example Thus the competitive forces model helps one to understand the different strategies that the firm can take to counter the competition posed by the different external entities as reflected. Porter’s Five Forces Model of Business Competitiveness can be reflected as follows. Figure 1 (Source: Laudon, 2010, p.96) The business gains competitive advantage in its pursuits of governing the competitive threat imposed by these different parameters that can be analyzed as follows. Firstly the company would have potential competitors existing at the market place that can work on product or brand development and thereby gain on its existing market share. This product or brand development can work in encouraging the consumers to switch over to gain the benefits of the products and services delivered. Secondly the business company in question also needs to effectively compete in regards to new entrants in the industry. Owing to lower economic and trade barriers it is found that companies focu sing on the opening up of small retail arms and food joints tend to face lesser trade and economic constraints than companies in other industries where investment required is huge. In larger investment sectors it is hard for the companies to retrieve potential returns on the amount invested and thus are deterred from entering. Again in the third case the business company operational for a longer period happens to create a more popular understanding of the type of the attributes of the products and services developed. Thus this fact encourages the emergence of substitute products in the marketplace with both the prevalence of more innovative products and also of lesser value and price. Fourthly the company needs to counter the bargaining power of consumers in meeting the requirements both in regards to quality and pricing conditions. The number of companies in the industry being large enables the consumers to switch over to different concerns at the cost of the initial company holdin g the consumer. Finally in the fifth case the company needs to hold on to its suppliers from switching over to another company in the same industry rendering more leverage. Henceforth the business companies need to work on a greater network of suppliers where the company can tend to exert influence over the supplier groups in regards to pricing, quality and timely and effective delivery management guidelines (Laudon, 2010, p.94-97; Rainer and Cegielski, 2009, p.45-48). Thus the Porter’s Five Forces model effectively presents the situational analysis of a company’s external environment based on which the firm is required to develop its potential strategies required for market growth and business development. Utility of Information Systems in Porter’s Competitive Forces Model The analysis of the above model reflects the various competitive forces that a company is required to counter to successfully exist in the competitive business market. Herein the modern busin ess companies tend to put into use information technology applications that would help the company to effectively counter the different competitive forces. Firstly it is found that business companies in order to largely reduce the price structure of its products and services and at the same time work to generate profitability can largely integrate information systems in its applications. Retail organizations through the use of effective information systems can help reduce the amount of working capital that would be kept locked in regards to

Increasing Hate Crime Awareness in the US Essay Example for Free

Increasing Hate Crime Awareness in the US Essay Though latest report released last October 2006 by the US Department of Justice FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program showed a decrease in total number of reported incidents, 7,163 in 2005 vs. 7,649 in 2004 (Hate Crime Statistics 2005), there has been an inversely growing awareness on this topic among various stakeholders legislators, law enforcement officials, and the American public – such that term â€Å"hate crime† has become a part of everyday vernacular among Americans. Three factors contributed to this growing awareness. Firstly, the organizational initiatives, normally the offended party group in order to protect their civil rights, are taking active roles, through their advocacy campaigns, support services and education programs. Prominent proponents, among others, are American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) for all Americans, Anti-Defamation League (ADL) for the Jewish, Parents and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG), Massachusetts Office on Disability (MOD), La Alianza Hispana for the Latin-Hispanics and National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) for African-American group. Secondly, the Federal Government on its part, through the DA’s Office has a Civil Rights Unit composed of attorneys for education and intervention services, working in cooperation with victim-witness advocates. In addition, Governor’s Task Force on Hate Crime has its ‘Stop the Hate Website’ Campaign promoting awareness of hate crimes and providing resources for responding to and preventing such acts. Thirdly, concerned group initiatives, such as NGOs in the likes of Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) that combats hate, intolerance and discrimination through education programs and litigations, play an independent, third-party role in increasing hate crime awareness.

Educating Rita :: English Literature

Educating Rita Question How does the play write show the audience the differences between the two characters by the way that they behave according to the stage directions and the way that they use language? What comments is he making by showing us these two very different characters. I will be writing about two scenes from a play called Educating Rita. The play is about two completely different characters from two completely different backgrounds, brought together by education. The two characters are Frank and Rita; Frank is a middle class university professor, who has been very well educated and has a partner called Julia. Rita is a married working class woman who has had little education little education throughout her life, so wanting two change this, by taking an open University course in English literature. Written by Willy Russell. The playwright shows the audience the differences between Frank and Rita even at the start of scene six by showing how professional, neat and tidy frank is, he writes, â€Å"Frank enters carrying a brief case and a pile of essays. He goes to the filing cabinet, takes his lecture notes from his brief case and puts them in his drawer. This also shows Franks life is run according to a timetable in the way everything is done calmly and in time. Like a very well established daily routine and that nothing out of the ordinary ever happens. The playwright shows that due to his education he can relax and enjoy him self calmly by reading and doesn’t need television to entertain him. â€Å"He picks up the packet of sandwiches, takes a bite and picks up a book and starts reading. And this seems to reflect the way he lives his life in general. Franks moment of relaxation is quickly shattered when Rita bursts through the door in a state of intense excitement, after visiting a profession theatre the night before for the first time. This shows Rita like a child because she is so excited about what she saw she cant contain her self and has to express her ideas and feelings. And because of her little education she finds it hard to say her ideas: â€Å"wasn’t his wife a cow, eh?† Frank is shocked at Rita’s dramatic entry because it doesn’t fit into his timetable like day. When Rita explains that she went to the theatre and then Frank sighs this shows he doesn’t think its anything big because he probably goes a lot of the time and also shows his greater experience of culture compared to Rita. Then he smiles and this is when he realises that this is a

Food Safety Illness

Jeremiah went grocery shopping on a hot summer day. He bought food for an upcoming family BBQ; ground beef for hamburgers, a couple of steaks, and the ingredients for making potato salad.When he left the store, he put his groceries in the trunk and stopped by the sports outlet store to pick up a Frisbee and croquet set. It took about 10 minutes at the sports store, and then Jeremiah headed home to prepare the food. He was concerned that it had been too hot in the car, but everything was still cold when he got home.Jeremiah took the groceries home and put everything in the refrigerator. The meat fit well on the top shelf, right above the potato salad ingredients.Later on, he got the groceries out to prep everything for the BBQ. He cooked the potatoes and used a sharp knife to trim some excess fat off of the raw steaks. Then he cut up the rest of the vegetables for the potato salad with the sharp knife on a cutting board.Jeremiah formed the hamburger patties, seasoned the steaks, and f inished making the potato salad. With only about 45 minutes to go before leaving for the BBQ, Jeremiah left everything sitting out on the counter while he showered and got ready.When he arrived at the BBQ, he set the potato salad on the picnic table and went to grill the steaks and burgers. He cooked both to about medium doneness, meaning both were pink in the middle.Jeremiah enjoyed one of the steaks he prepared and gave one to his cousin. The other family members enjoyed the burgers and potato salad; in fact, Jeremiah didn’t have a chance to try the salad. A couple of days after the BBQ, Jeremiah learned that everyone at the BBQ, with exception of himself and his cousin, experienced a bout of flu-like symptoms the following day.Write 50- to 150-word responses to each of the following questions. Be clear and concise, use complete sentences, and explain your answers using specific examples.1. Based on Scenario 1, what are the possible sources of food-borne illness? The possib le sources of food-borne illness could be cross-contamination from Jeremiah cutting off the fat from the steaks and cutting up the vegetables for the potato salad. If the same knife was used or if the same surface was even used to prepare both the meat and vegetables it could have contaminated the vegetables or the ground beef.2. Although Jeremiah did not get sick, there were several areas throughout Jeremiah’s day that could have led him to a serious case of food-borne illness. Point out these areas and briefly explain why they are of concern and what Jeremiah could have done differently. One time that a food-borne illness could have been obtained when Jeremiah put the groceries in the trunk of his car, typically the trunk of a car is the hottest part of a vehicle, so the groceries could have gone below the appropriate temperature to store it at.If Jeremiah would have been in the store more than twenty minutes, all depends on the temperature outside; it could have spoiled th e meat. Secondly, if Jeremiah bought mayo or any type of dressing for the potato salad it could have spoiled and therefore made the guest sick. Also Jeremiah never got to eat any of the potato salad so if it was cross contaminated than he would have not gotten sick.3. Why is it safe for steak to be pink in the middle, but potentially dangerous for a hamburger not to be cooked all the way through? It is safe for steak to be pink in the middle compared to the hamburger due to the hamburger being processed through a machine and being handled human beings  so therefore the meat can be contaminated more easily. With cooking the hamburger to being well done with no pink than it can kill some bacteria. For example some companies do not cleanse or clean their machines to cut down on the bacteria and any contamination that might have occurred.Scenario 2:After enjoying a delicious dinner of lasagna, Martha cleaned up the kitchen and left the covered tray of leftover lasagna on the counter t o cool. Since the lasagna was so dense and thick, it took about 4 hours for it to feel cool enough to go into the fridge for the night. The next day, Martha served leftover lasagna for lunch. She heated the lasagna thoroughly and it was finished.Within about 2–3 hours, everyone who ate the lasagna developed stomach cramps, fever, and nausea; most eventually started vomiting. The illness was pretty awful, but thankfully relatively short-lived.Write 50- to 150-word responses to each of the following questions. Be clear and concise, use complete sentences, and explain your answers using specific examples.1. How could this illness have been prevented? The illness could have been prevented by having the lasagna uncovered while it was cooling so that condensation would have not built up on the cover. Then the water went into the lasagna, which was bacteria, and made the employees sick that ate it. The other thing that could have been done is had the lasagna put into the oven until it was thoroughly cooled.2. Based on the incubation period and symptoms of the illness, what is the most likely microorganism responsible for this illness? E-coli would be the most reasonable reason for the illness. Because Martha did not reheat the lasagna properly for the second time around the bacteria was never killed off. If she would have reheated the lasagna in the oven at the proper temperature the bacteria would have been killed off.3. Describe the temperature danger zone. It would have to cook at a certain temperature to cook all the bacteria and the microorganisms out of the lasagna. Harmful bacteria such as E-coli contaminate food without physical signs, smells or tastes. Temperatures hotter than 165 °F not just the outside but making sure the inside is also cooked correctly.4. How could Martha have sped up the cooling process of the lasagna? If she would have left the lasagna uncovered on the counter it would have cooled down a lot faster. As soon as it would have bec ame room temperature she could have covered it and put it in the refrigerator.5. If the leftover lasagna was thoroughly reheated, (which it was), how did it still lead to food-borne illness? When Martha put the lasagna into the microwave it wasn’t hot enough for the bacteria to be cooked out of the lasagna. If she would have reheated in the lasagna would in the stove instead all the bacteria would have been cooked out and no one would have gotten sick.Scenario 3:Sally was making marinated shish-kabobs to grill for dinner. She made a beautiful marinade and then cut up the raw chicken on a cutting board. She put the chunks of chicken in the marinade and let it sit on the counter for about 3 hours until it was time to cook.While the chicken was marinating, Sally prepared the vegetables. She cut them using the same cutting board and knife; she rinsed both off with warm water between cutting the chicken and the vegetables.Once the chicken had marinated, Sally put the chicken and v egetables on skewers to be grilled. She also started rice in the rice cooker to go with the shish-kabobs.As the shish-kabobs were grilling, Sally put the marinade in a serving dish for extra sauce to put over the rice.Several hours later, Sally and her family members all developed nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, headache, and abdominal pain.Write 50- to 150-word responses to each of the following questions. Be clear and concise, use complete sentences, and explain your answers using specific examples.1. What could be the cause of Sally and her family members’ illness? Would be improper food preparation by leaving chicken out on the counter more than allotted time as it developed bacteria and salmonella. She also prepared vegetables on the cutting board without proper cleaning with hot water and soap. Also reusing the marinated sauce on the rice, she should have been cooked so all the bacteria could have been cook out.2. How could this illness have been prevented? This illn ess could have been prevented with proper cleaning of all preparation and utensils materials. With proper washing with soap and hot water it would not cross contaminate the chicken, vegetables and the marinate. The illness could have also been prevented if she would have properly stored the chicken in the kitchen to make sure that bacteria would have not been growing.

Religion Definition Essay

1. What is a religion? You’ve read our textbook author’s definition; use that definition as a starting point to go further. The word â€Å"religion† is such a broad word that to this day there is no one definition that can satisfy all religions. For the time being, it is better to simply be open to many possible definitions, without embracing any single one. Different people especially in different religions will all have a difference in opinion when trying to use very few words to define religion. The traditional definition of religion is a system of belief that involves worship of a God or gods, prayer, ritual, and a moral code. Religion is important to many people because it gives them something to believe in. Religion helps human deal with their mortality. As human beings, we look to religion for answers to life’s unexpected or unknown questions such as death, pain, afterlife, or rebirth. Religion has a way of helping us deal with death and offers comfort. Religion also helps us be creativity and express ourselves through music, dance, and art. It gives us a sense of viewing life as something beautiful and lively. People who have a religion usually are more happy knowing that they life can reflect something of the supernatural that they do not understand. Through art, we get to express how we are feeling on the inside. Many people use music, dance, and art to show others what they cannot express through words. Religion gives them a sense of confident. 2. Discuss some of the characteristics that religions have in common. Some characteristics that religions have in common are: belief system, community, central myths, ritual, characteristic emotional experiences, material expression, and sacredness. Not all religions will consist of all elements but rather some of these characteristics are commonly accepted. Many believe in a worldview were all things in the universe and human being has a place in it. Humans need of belonging helps them seek out for a community where they can belong too and share their ideals and practices. Many religions have this so people can rely on one another. Other characteristics that are shared in religions are passed down from generations to generations through stories or reenactment of major events in the religious group. Each religion has its own myth that is central to the religion. Not only are myths passed down but rituals as well. These beliefs are enacted and made real through ceremonies. Also, ethics are passed down which are set guidelines for the group of people; these are viewed as being revealed through a supernatural realm. Religions also allow people to express themselves emotionally and give a sense of inner peace that cannot come from outer resources. Material expression allows religions to make use of astonishing variety of physical elements. Each religion has a source of sacredness that is distinctive from the ordinary. Ceremonies express the distinction through different language, clothing, and architecture. Each tradition exhibit most of these characteristics but for those who practice them will manifest them in different ways and at different times. 3. In addition to characteristics in common among religions, there are some patterns with regard to beliefs, world views, etc., that are exhibited by most religions. Discuss these patterns. There are three different patterns that we look for to see similarity and difference among religions. The first pattern is views of the world and life. Religions must offer answers to life’s great questions that are asked. All questions are the same, but the answers very depending on the religion. Because of the great variety of worldview each answer is different and must be examined close to get a better understanding of why it is the way it is. Some religion view the universe as being created by a Creator while others believe it has no beginning and no ending. Some view nature as the realm of evil where it needs to be overcome. Others believe that humans are called to shape it. Each view differs from religion to religion. The second pattern is the focus of beliefs and practices. There are three concepts that are practiced, although one may be more dominant than the other depending on the purpose of importance. Sacramental orientation emphasizes carrying out rituals and ceremonies regularly and correctly as the path to salvation. Some believe that correct ritual influences the processes of nature. Prophetic orientation implies that a human being may be an important intermediary between the believer and the sacred. This is prominent in Judaism, Protestant Christianity, and Islam. Mystical orientation seeks union with something greater such as God, nature, the universe, or reality as a whole. Upanishadi Hinduism, Daoism, and some Buddhism stress the importance of this. The third pattern is the view of male and female. As human being the role of men and women are very important and religion has had much to say about the roles of men and women on earth and in the divine realm. Today many influential religions consider the male as dominate; the sacred and full-time religious specialists are usually males. Although this may not be completely true, in the past, female divinities once played an important role in many culture and religion. 4. Having discussed in last week’s Discussion Board postings your own reasons for taking this World Religions course, discuss some of the benefits of studying the major religions of the world cited by our textbook author. Studying the different religions around the world allows for a better understanding of each religion and helps educate and improve one’s experience of other related subjects. When studying other religion it allows insights into the religious traditions such as values, relationships, personalities, and human creativity. Not only that but it gives the outsiders an appreciation for the things that are not obvious to the insider. Other benefits include insight into everyday life. Religions influence everyday life in many ways. Many people use religion for moral issues, on buildings, comic strips. The study of religion with help a person recognizes the religious influence everywhere. For someone who has no religion or is on their religious quest, understanding and studying the many different religions will help them find a place to belong too. Knowledge of the different religion will aid a person in their journey of life. Short Answer Questions: 5. What is the origin and meaning of the word â€Å"religion†? The origin of the word â€Å"religion† comes from the Latin roots re-, meaning â€Å"again,† and lig-, meaning â€Å"join† or â€Å"connect.† The translation would then mean â€Å"to join again,† or â€Å"to reconnect.† This word suggests the joining of our natural, human world to the sacred world. 6. What is the meaning of â€Å"sacred†? Sacred is a God or gods that is set apart because of its holiness. These deities are considered worthy of spiritual respect or devotion. 7. Define and contrast monotheism and polytheism. Monotheism is the term that means a belief in one God. Those who believe in God believe that He is all powerful, pure spirit, and not fully definable in words. Polytheism on the other hand means worship of or believing in many coexisting gods. These multiple gods may be fairly separate entities, each in charge of an aspect of reality, or they may be multiple manifestations of the same basic sacred reality. 8. Define and contrast atheism and agnosticism. Atheism is the denial of the existence of any God or gods. Agnosticism is to argue that the existence of God cannot be proven. 9. How are symbols used in religion? Symbols are important in religion because religions are so varied in their teachings and in conflict with each other that symbols help express truth. Symbols are fairly concrete, ordinary, and universal that represents and helps human beings intensely experience something of greater difficulty. 10. What is a sacrament? Give two or three examples of sacraments in a religion with which you are familiar. A sacrament is a religious rite or act seen as way of receiving God’s grace. In some mysterious way God uses physical things to bring about spiritual changes and give His grace. As a Christian, a few sacraments that we hold are: baptism, communion, and fasting. These are all important in receiving God’s grace. 11. Contrast linear and cyclical time in the study of religion. Linear time place an emphasis on creation, religions that believe in this is Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, time is very important. Linear time means moving in a straight line from the beginning of the universe to its end. In cyclical time, the universe simply moves through endless changes, which repeat themselves over grand periods of time. Buddhism believes time is cyclical and is not as crucial because ultimately the universe is not moving to a final point.

The Shoemaker and the Tea Party essays

The Shoemaker and the Tea Party essays Alfred Youngs The Shoemaker and the Tea Party, takes readers to a whole side of the American Revolution not emphasized in history books. Young writes in his book of individuals omitted and the events that shaped beginning of the Revolution and the United States as it is today. Some of the biggest points stressed in HIS 315K that coincide with the book are the sugar-coating of facts to make them more appealing, the credibility of history tellers, and the problems that resulted in the consequences that shaped history. The story being told revolves around the life of a Bostonian shoemaker named George Robert Twelves Hewes, whose accomplishments preceding the Revolution were overshadowed by the heroification of more appropriate figures such as John Hancock and Samuel Adams. Paul Revere, famous for his midnight ride, was a man who took pride in his job as a blacksmith. It is a shame that history only gave Revere credit for his message that the British are coming! and was oblivious to his life accomplishments as a man and a skilled artisan. Although only a shoemaker, Hewes actions proved him to be an honest and dignified man. Hewes grew up poor; his meager possessions helped him learn to deal with tough situations. During the destruction of the tea, he was worked alongside great political figures like Hancock and Adams as equals, doing what they believed to be righteous and fair. Going into the matter, Hewes followed under others, but ended up leading one the groups in taking over a ship and f acilitating the dumping of the tea into Griffins Wharf. Hewes also risked his life to save a boy from a beating by John Malcolm, which resulted in Malcolms tar and feathering. Even after being struck in the head by Malcolm, Hewes tried to save him from the mob, but was unsuccessful. A major theme of the book is the gradual progression of the lower classes creeping towards equality with the...

Ancient Roman Water Systems

Ancient Roman Water Systems Ann Olga Koloski-Ostrow, a Brandeis classicist who has studied the Roman latrine, says, There are no ancient sources where you can really learn about daily life[...] You have to come upon information almost by chance. That means its hard to answer all the questions or to say with any confidence that this bit of information about the bathroom habits of the Roman Empire applies to the Republic as well. With that caution, here is some of what we think we know about the water system of ancient Rome. Roman Aqueducts The Romans are renowned for engineering marvels, among which is the aqueduct that carried water for many miles in order to provide a crowded urban population with relatively safe, potable water, as well as less essential but very Roman aquatic uses. Rome had nine aqueducts by the time of the engineer Sextus Julius Frontinus (c. 35–105), appointed curator aquarum in 97, our main ancient source for the water supply. The first of these was built in the fourth century B.C. and the last in the first century A.D. Aqueducts were built because the springs, wells, and Tiber River were no longer providing the safe water that was needed for the swelling urban population. Aqueducts Listed by Frontinus: In 312 B.C., the Appia Aqueduct was built 16,445 meters long.Next was the Anio Verus, built between 272-269, and 63,705 meters.Next was the Marcia, built between 144-140 and 91,424 meters.The next aqueduct was the Tepula, built in 125, and 17,745 meters.The Julia was built in 33 B.C. at 22,854 meters.The Virgo was built in 19 B.C., at 20,697 meters.The next aqueduct is the Alsientina, whose date is unknown. Its length is 32,848.The last two aqueducts were built between 38 and 52 A.D. Claudia was 68,751 meters.The Anio Novus was 86,964 meters. The Drinking Water Supply Water did not go to all residents of Rome. Only the rich had private service and the rich were as likely to divert and hence, steal, the water from the aqueducts as anyone. Water in residences only reached the lowest floors. Most Romans got their water from a constantly running public fountain. Baths and Latrines Aqueducts also supplied water to public latrines and baths. Latrines served 12-60 people at once with no dividers for privacy or toilet paper only a sponge on a stick in the water to pass around. Fortunately, water ran through the latrines constantly. Some latrines were elaborate and may have been amusing. Baths were more clearly a form of entertainment as well as hygiene. Sewers and The Cloaca Maxima When you live on the 6th floor of a walk-up with no latrine for blocks, the chances are youll use a chamber pot. What do you do with its content? That was the question that faced many an insula dweller in Rome, and many answered in the most obvious way. They dumped the pot out the window onto any stray passerby. Laws were written to deal with this, but it still went on. The preferred act was to dump solids into sewers and urine into vats where it was eagerly collected and even bought by fullers who needed the ammonia in their toga cleaning business. The main sewer of Rome was the Cloaca Maxima. It emptied into the Tiber River. It was probably built by one of the Etruscan kings of Rome to drain the marshes in the valleys between the hills. Sources By Donna Desrochers,  Classicist digs deep for truth about latrines, hygiene habits of ancient Romans, Roger D. Hansen, Water and Wastewater Systems in Imperial Rome Lanciani, Rodolfo, The Ruins of Ancient Rome. Benjamin Blom, New York.

Mergers Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mergers - Case Study Example The Tata Group comprises around 90 companies with total turnover of US$22 billion, equivalent of around 3 per cent of India's GDP. Tata Steel has one of the most modern steel making facilities and is also one of the lowest cost producers of steel in the world. It has been rated as the world's best steel company for the past three consecutive years by World Steel Dynamics. World over, Tata Steel currently has a capacity of around 26 million tonnes per annum including its recent takeover of Corus and has the second largest global distribution network in 45 countries. Tata Steel which has also set benchmarks in the fields of corporate social responsibility and corporate governance firmly believes in improving the quality of life of its employees and the communities it serves. Tata Steel aspires to become a 50 Million tonne Steel Company by 2015. It was little hard for TATA Steel to swallow Corus as CSN, a Brazilian company was also in the race. The bidding war between Tata Steel and Brazilian company CSN was riveting and ended in a rapid-fire auction. Initial reactions to the deal are highly diverse and retail investors are completely puzzled by the market reaction. TATA Steel had announced the refinancing of its GBP 3,260 million acquisition bridge facility and revolving facility was provided by ABN AMRO and Deutsche Bank, the financing formalities were finished off by April 2, 2007. Refinancing was also arranged which amounted to GBP 3,170 million and was done by a syndicate led by Citigroup, ABN AMRO and Standard Chartered Bank. This refinancing provides significant benefits and flexibility over the term of the financing to the group. The Refinancing Facility comprises a five year GBP 1670 million amortizing loan which will be syndicated by the joint book runners to relationship banks of Tata Steel and Corus and a seven year minimally amortizing term loan of GBP 1500 million that will be syndicated to institutional investors and banks in the US, Europe and Asia.. The balance amount of the acquisition bridge is being repaid by an additional equity contribution by Tata Steel / Tata Steel Asia which had been previously disclosed on April 17, 2007. The Deal Development On October 20, 2006, Tata Steel announced that it had agreed to pick up a 100% stake in the Anglo-Dutch steel maker Corus Group at 455 p. per share in an all cash deal, cumulatively valued at GBP 4.3 billion (USD 8.04 billion). On November 19 2006, the Brazilian steel company CSN launched a counter offer for Corus at 475 pence per share, valuing it at $8.4 billion. On December 11 2006, Tata preemptively upped the offer to 500 pence, which was within hours trumped by CSN's offer of 515 pence per share, valuing the deal at $ 9.6 Billion. The Corus board promptly recommended both the revised offers to its shareholders. On December 19 2006, Corus announced the following: In the light of the competing offers for Corus by Tata Steel UK Limited ("Tata") and CSN Acquisitions Limited ("CSN"), the Company announced on 12 December 2006 that the Corus Directors intended to propose resolutions to shareholders at each of the

Business Law and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Business Law and Ethics - Essay Example Secondly, the Parol Evidence Rule states that the final contract, and the provisions within it, makes all the previous negotiations concerning the matter null and void. The final contract is considered the final piece of agreement, and is deemed to contain all the information that is necessary for the deal to take place effectively. Moreover, the Parol Evidence Rule not only includes previous oral negotiations and agreements, but also those, which were put in writing. Therefore, when the final contract is signed, previous agreements are nullified because it is considered to supersede all of them. If the furniture was not included in the final contract, then the company, which is selling the warehouse, does not have to hand over the furniture, unless it chooses to do so as a gesture of goodwill. When one considers the second scenario, it can be said that, despite the fact that the furniture is in the agreement, the provision for their transfer cannot be enforced because there is no agreement concerning the price of the mentioned furniture. This situation is brought about because the terms of the agreement concerning the furniture in the contract, are vague and were not conclusively considered. In order to enforce such an agreement, its provisions have to be reasonably certain concerning the issues that are within it. The rationale for this is to ensure that the provisions are put into effect with little or no disagreements concerning with the terms of transfer. In this case, the provisions of the agreement do not state the price of the furniture, although the transfer of such furniture is mentioned. This agreement can be interpreted as one that is undeveloped and as such, its character can be considered promissory (Salbu 209). This means that the agreement was not supposed to be implemented immediately and that it is in fact, supposed to be implemented at a future date after further negotiations, concerning the matter,

Home work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Home work - Essay Example Nonetheless, the expos expanded the countries’ economies by opening them up to the international arena (â€Å"China’s Economic Miracle,† 2008). Environmental problems are inherent in the two countries although Japan faced its challenges after war while China experiences environmental problems and challenges to date. Critics point out that China puts economic advancements at the behest of its environment. In effect, this has led to Beijing acquiring the name â€Å"Greyjing† as an indication of the amount of pollution experienced in the city. In a similar way, Japan faced criticism over the photochemical pollution experienced in Tokyo in the early 70s, which was due to industrial developments without considering the consequences on the environment. Despite disparate political institutions, the path towards economic growth in China is similar to the Japanese approach towards growth. Consequently, there is an indication that China may face challenges characterized by a slowdown in its economy, similar to Japan’s, if the country failed to adopt approaches aimed at lessening the effects of an economic slump. In effect, the failure to implement approaches that addressed the challenges faced by an economic slump will ensure that China’s economic progress slowed in a similar way to Japan’s due to their similarities in economic growth. Popularly known as MCB, Monfort College of Business is the leading college in terms of the value it creates. In this case, the college provides an excellent learning environment that was better than the environment provided by its peers. Using high technology to support its curriculum, the college produces graduates by preparing them for the competitive job market in the United States. To achieve this, the college affiliates itself with the business community in order to provide students with hands-on experiences by providing the students a chance to have a professional overview of their future

The Socio Economic Network In Zambia Sociology Essay

The Socio Economic Network In Zambia Sociology Essay To set the platform of discussion, it is significant to define the concept of the family and other related notions. Giddens (2006:206) defines the family as a group of persons directly linked by kin connections, the adult members of which assume responsibility of caring for children. A family may either be a nuclear or extended family. A nuclear family comprises of two adults living together in a household with their own or adopted children. On the other hand an extended family is a group consisting of close relatives extending beyond couple and their children living together with the same household or in a close and continuous relationship with one another. In addition, the family is one of the basic units of society whose function and contribution to society cannot be over emphasized. For instance, for a society to survive over time, certain basic needs must be met. New members must be added to the population to replace those members who have died or moved away. People must be clothed, sheltered and fed. Goods and services must be produced and made available to those who need and desire them. The young must be socialised into society. The elderly and the sick must receive care. Order must be maintained and power must be distributed among the members of society (Thomas 1995: 294). However, despite the significant role played by the family in society since its existence, it has not been spared from the changes affecting society. The process of social change has affected the traditional family patterns. Some of these changes have been gradual while some have been radical. On the other hand these changes have either been qualitative or quantitative in nature. The changes have either brought positive or negative effects to the family. Among the significant changes that have markedly influenced the traditional family patterns are those associated with westernisation and modernisation which are closely linked? The process of industrialisation has also been critical to the primary function of the family both in the modern and pre- industrial societies. According to Akuffo (2005:18), he stated that the pre-industrial family consisted of the couple their children, a line of descendants, blood relations is taken seriously, the lived closely and cooperatively and were organized for mutual support and performed economic functions. Thus, the pre-industrial societies system is based on kinship relations for social organisation. The family members had specific roles and responsibilities based on gender and age. For instance the parents played a critical role for the survival of its members. The main economic activity characterized by the traditional family was agriculture. As the name suggests (pre-industrial societies) the tools used for production were very simple. Besides the production of food for the family members, it was the sole responsibility of the parents to educate its members with skills for their survival. The parents also provided the emotional security and protection to the individual members of the family. In short, the fa mily in the pre-industrial societies was for the individuals safety. The family perpetuated the values, norms and beliefs of society through the educating the members within the custody members. On the other hand, the changes that were precipitated by industrialisation had an impact on the traditional family system. Industrialisation can be traced as far back as eighteenth and nineteenth centuries during the industrial revolution that took place in Europe and later spread to America. Giddens (2006:39) observes that industrialisation refers to the emergences of machine production, based on the use of inanimate power resources (like steam or electricity). Significant changes were witnessed during this period that affected human society. Furthermore, Industrialisation created changes in the roles of the family in society. For example in pre-industrial society, the family is the primary social institution. Production and education are the responsibility of the family. The shift of roles from the family threatened the power and control of the parents on the family members. The role of education was assumed by the government. This created high demand for literacy among the population. The individuals were socialised on how they could adapt in the changing society. The change in the education system had both positive and negative influence on the traditional family system. For example, the positive influence, in the industrial society was that it allowed the individuals movement in a social structure. Education provided for the upward social mobility. There was freedom of competition for social position. On the contrary, in pre-industrial societies most statuses are ascribed. This makes it difficult for the individual to work their way up the social ladder. The new education system also undermined some of the values, norms and beliefs of the traditional societies that in themselves contributed to the stability and continuity of society. The other significant changes resulting from industrialisation was the nature of work. In pre-industrial societies, people were not specialised. They are characterized by low levels of division of labour. They conducted similar economic tasks for food production. According to Durkheim, he argued that, traditional cultures, with a low division of labour are characterised by mechanical solidarity. Because most of the members of society are involved in similar occupations, are bound together by common experience and shared beliefs. The forces of industrialisation and urbanisation however, led to a growing division o labour that contributed to the breakdown of this solidarity. (Giddens 2006:14).This development saw a significant change in the production of goods and services. Industrialisation also changes the location of work activities. In pre-industrial societies, most of the economic activities are carried out within the family setting. With the coming of machines, however, productio n moves from the home to factories. This in turn encourages modernisation. This entails that people now moves off the farms and go to cities to be near the major sources of employment. (Thomas 1995:78). Apparently, the change of location of work created a totally different environment for the individual. In the extended family pattern the nature of interaction among members was primary. The members were closely related to each other through kinship relations. This interaction supported the individuals emotional security, protection and other physical and social needs. This change threatened the physiological and social needs enjoyed by the individual within the traditional family setting which increased vulnerability in this new environment. The individual developed new relationships through the neighbours, friends and workmates. The individual depended upon this new system of interaction for support. As a result of industrialization, the social structure and beliefs of society have changed drastically. This is understood that modernization describes the process of change from a traditional, Agrarian Society to a modern Industrial Society. According to Haviland in Abrahim et al (unknown), Modernization defined as an all-encompassing global process of cultural and socio-economic changes, whereby the developing societies seek to acquire some of the characteristics common to industrial Societies. Modernization is the process by which cultures are force to accept traits from outside, and change their original shape. In the course of modernisation, traditional knowledge and techniques give way to the application of scientific knowledge borrowed mainly from the West. Modernisation creates the change in traditions and values due to modern technology. People have to accept this change because the progress is both necessary and beneficial to society and the individual. However, under the impact of modernization today, people almost everywhere are witnessing the breakdown of the traditional extended family into nuclear families. This is not to say that the traditional larger kin groupings have vanished and families function is changed and its a negative impact on family. Every culture has its own family set-up. And modernization is also has an effect on family system and its traditions. Extended families traditions have changed due to modernization. Giddens (2006:905) observes that men often go to work in towns or cities, leaving their family members in the home villages. Alternatively a nuclear family group will move as a unit to the city. In cases, traditional family forms and kinship system may become weakened. This is true in the sense that in the pre-industrial societies roles were shared according to gender and age. For example, grandparents in this situation no longer played their role of providing care to the grand children as they were now separated. On other matters such as marriages, initiation ceremonies and other important rituals which were the sole responsibility of elderly people. All these values and beliefs were affected with these changes. For instance, in the pre-industrial societies, arranged marriages were preferred. The choice of ones life partner rested in the parents and not the individual. This was viewed as one way of strengthening cultural values and norms of particular culture. Therefore, with the development of towns and cities there has been a great shift in the way marriages are conducted and celebrated. This time an individual has the freedom to choose his/her life time partner irrespective of ones cultural background. Today a Lozi can marry a Bemba; a Tonga also may decide to marry an Indian. Marriages are celebrated with modernity as opposed to the traditional way they used to be celebrated. Dalouw Edwards (1997:499) states that among African families in South Africa, traditional values and customs which provided a basis for family structure have been eroded by rapid urbanisation and westernization. The problem has been made worse by the socio-economic hardship and low levels of education.According to the National Child Policy of 2004, there are over 75,000 street children in Zambia, while Child headed households account for an estimated 1-2 percent (about 20,000) of all households in the country. The extreme poverty and vulnerability in Zambia affecting the communities, households and individuals to a greater extent has been due to modernisation resulting in the disintegration and weakening of the extended family system a typical feature of pre-industrial societies. On the other hand, modernisation created employment opportunities for women as well. The idea of women being associated with domestic chores has changed. In the recent years (decades) the idea of the male breadwinner heading the family is being increasingly challenged, an increasing number of women enter the workplaces and family structures continue to diversify. (Giddens 2006:209).This has not just increased the income levels among the households, but it has also undermined the authority and control of the parents over the members of the family. They spend most of the time at work than at home which in itself has a negative effect on the development their childrens personality development Westernisation is also a change that has taken place in disrupting the extended family. The historical context of Westernization in Africa is the encounter with Europe, under the specific conditions of the Atlantic slave trade and the European colonial adventure. Westernisation follows the adoption of different life styles, cultural ways, working styles, organising styles and even behavioural patterns of the western countries particularly (Moonlight, 2009). People will take on the pattern and ways of the western countries and follow them in their working, thinking and living. Majority have keen interest in western styles (dressing, housing, outing and partying etc) and attitudes (professionalism and individualism). Consequently, westernisation in our African societies has an impact to the socio-economic activities. A Zambian family, like families elsewhere, can be thought of as a group which is responsible to reproduce, nurture, and educate the young to become productive members of the family and the society at large. Children are later taken to schools where traditional values and norms are eroded by new values of the west. The new fashions and styles have replaced the traditional aspect of dressing where one imitates what she/he sees or hear on the media. Some of the existing social problems experienced in our societies are as a result of new value. In conclusion, it can be said that industrialisation, westernisation and modernisation had significant influence on the traditional family life patterns. In pre-industrial societies, the main economic activity was agriculture and the family was responsible for the provision of the basic needs to its members. The main concern of the pre-industrial societies was the maintenance of group stability and consensus. This was accomplished through their division of labour.