Essay On The Black Death - 901 Words

In the middle of the fourteenth century, European experienced a disease called Black Death, which killed millions of people in six years. By spreading quickly, this disease affected not only on people’s lives but also on economic of many countries, especially those countries in Europe. Therefore, people found out some cures to end this nightmare disease. Ole J. Benedictow. â€Å"The Black Death: The Greatest Catastrophe Ever†. Published in History Today Volume 55 Issue 3 March 2005 Ole Jorgen Benedictow, a Norwegian historian, is known for his work on plagues, especially the Black Death. After graduation in 1968, he was hired as a research fellow. He was also promoted to associate professor and worked as manager of the†¦show more content†¦Imogen Corrigan. â€Å"The Black Death and its Aftermath† Report of the lecture given by Imogen Corrigan, March 24th ,2010 Imogen Corrigan, a medieval historian, has been served in the army for almost 20 years. She st udies Anglo-Saxon and Mediaeval History and get a first-class degree for it. Now she is retired her army service but starting lecturing in the University. According to â€Å"The Black Death and its Aftermath†, the population of Britain was reduced by a quarter to one third in one and a half year. Later research has leaded to 60-63% mortality. In comparison to this disaster, there was only 2% of the population died during the Great War. The number of dead from the disease was as twenty times as of dead during war. The Economist (Website), Millennium issue: The Black Death, â€Å"Plague and Economics†, Dec 23rd, 1999 The Economist online offers authoritative insight on international news, politics, nosiness, finance, science and technology. It is a part of The Economist Group and responsible for The Economist on the Internet. They have offices in New York, London, San Francisco, and a worldwide staff. Some of its members are Walter Bagehot, James Wilson, or Rupert Penna nt-Rea. During the Black Death, the food was not enough for people. With an increasing of dead, there was a shortageShow MoreRelated Black Death Essays1319 Words   |  6 Pages The Black Death, also known as the Black Plague, or the Bubonic Plague killed one third of the population of Europe during its reign in the 13th and 14th centuries. The arrival of this plague set the scene for years of strife and heroism. Leaving the social and Economic aspect in a standstill. The phantom of death became a subject of art, music and folklore and it influenced the consciousness of the people. The impact of this mass killer caused enormous chaos and havoc to the medieval society becauseRead MoreThe Black Death Essay1018 Words   |  5 PagesThe Black Death took place in Europe during the fourteenth century. To the people of the time, facts about the disease were unknown until people started to notice problems that other people were having. The Black Death or â€Å"plague† that killed thousands in the fourteenth century may have evolved into a more modern version of itself. The â€Å"plague† is known as the â€Å"Yersinia pestis† bacteria, which is a rare zoonotic disease. These diseases are spread from animal to human (Newquist 239, Adamloakun MRead MoreEssay On The Black Death924 Words   |  4 Pagesknow precisely what was causing the Black Death to transpire, they also did not know how to cure it. In â€Å"The Black Death†, many thought that they needed to be sin free or that God needed to forgive them for their sins. This was true for people who resided in England during the time of the Black Death as well. Because they believed that the Black Death was God’s punishment, the only way to cure them of the plague was through God’s forgiveness. The article â€Å"Black Death† states, â€Å"By this logic, the onlyRead MoreBlack Death Essay779 Words   |  4 PagesThe Black Death of 1347-1350 had one of the most dominate impacts on Latin Christendom and Islamic Worlds. The pandemic would have an economic, poli tical and demographic change of these worlds for the next three centuries. These area’s impacted were already deeming an economic downfall. With the abrupt change of climate, the agricultural revenues were already suffering. The climate change had impacted mostly the poor people of these countries. The Black Death wasn’t having mercy on anyone that wasRead MoreThe Black Death Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagessong little children sing while holding hands, walking around in a circle and then falling down. The nursery rhyme refers to the Black Death, one of the worst plagues of all time (Schladweller). Known as infectious diseases that spread quickly and kill countless people, plagues have had a tremendous affect on people around the world since the beginning of time. The Black Death, also known as the bubonic plague, is a contagious bacterial infection that has killed millions of people. With the bubonic plagueRead MoreThe Black Death. Essay936 Words   |  4 Pagesyou t o a slow miserable death. In the 1300s people were struck with a great plague, which has now been named â€Å"The Black Death†. The Black Death killed off populations with just one sweep. Historians call this the biggest tragedy of all time. The question is what caused this plague and how does something like this happen? Overtime historians have boiled it down to 2 and some may say 3 explanations, which are religion, science, and humans. With the help of a book The Black Death by Rosemary Horrox I wasRead MoreBlack Death Essay1007 Words   |  5 Pageswas too bright to stand. Within a day or two, the swellings appeared. They were hard, painful, burning lumps on their neck, under their arms, on their inner thighs. Soon they turned black, split open, and began to ooze pus and blood. They may have grown to the size of an orange. These are the symptoms of the Black Death, one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. It is wid ely thought to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague, and during thoseRead More Black Death Essay1184 Words   |  5 Pages Black Death, outbreak of bubonic plague that struck Europe and the Mediterranean area from 1347 through 1351. It was the first of a cycle of European plague epidemics that continued until the early 18th century. A cycle of ancient plagues had preceded these plagues between the 6th and 8th centuries AD; another cycle of modern followed them, but less deadly, plagues that began in the late 19th century and continue in the 20th century. The term quot;Black Deathquot; was not used to refer to theRead MoreEssay on The Black Death1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death was an extensive epidemic that spread across Europe from 1346 to 1353, killing over an estimated one-third of Europe’s entire population (Medieval World 56). Although historians are not entirely sure of its origin, the Black Death spread quickly across both Europe and Asia with a death to ll that augmented rapidly. The plague also had unusual and deadly symptoms, causing â€Å"panic everywhere, with men and women knowing no way to stop death except to flee from it† (Kohn 28). The chaosRead More the black death Essay752 Words   |  4 Pages In â€Å"The Black Death† the author Phillip Ziegler attempts to fully describe the Plague that struck Europe in 1338 and remained until 1665. The year of the great Plague of London Ziegler tries to give an unbiased account of the Plague by compiling information from contradictory sources. Ziegler begins the book with the Tartans catapulting diseased corpses into Genoese as the Genoese escape back to Europe. Following this, the author provides some insight into the Plague in Italy, Germany, and France

What Do You Think Defines Someone As A Boy Or A Girl Essay

â€Å"Winner of national transgender beauty pageant stripped of her title because she was not transgender enough † Discussion Question #1.) What do you think defines someone as a boy or a girl? Traditional gender norms? Physical appearance? What happened? - Jai Dara Latto, transgender female, the winner of the national transgender beauty pageant, gets her title taken away (Murray, 2016) - Accused of being a drag queen, and not transgender enough (Murray, 2016) - Reason given is that Latto was shown wearing boxer shorts and also a t-shirt and shorts at the gym (Murray, 2016) Why do we care? - Issue is gaining more media attention and also more representation o Laverne Cox, Caitlyn Jenner, and Beatie (Merritt, 2014) - Impacts members of societies o High schools, public restrooms - Very important to acknowledge this issue to gain equality Thesis Jai Dara Latto’s pageant title should not be taken away because of accusations of her being a drag queen because of what she chooses to wear Key Terms - Sex o Biologically male or female (Sproule, 2001, p.386) - Gender o Social roles that the society considers to be appropriate for men and women (Sproule, 2001, p.384) - Transgender o A person who identifies as the opposite gender; have not had gender reassignment surgery (â€Å"Transgender,† n.d.) - Transexual o A person who has had gender reassignment surgery and has undergone hormone treatment (â€Å"Transsexual,† n.d.) Lenses: Gender Expression - A way of showing masculinity orShow MoreRelatedThe Social Hierarchy954 Words   |  4 Pageshierarchy that is school labels and defines students. That girl you called a slut in class today. She’s a virgin. The pregnant girl walking down the street. She got raped. The boy you called lame. He has to work every night to support his family. That girl you pushed down the other day. She’s already being abused at home. That girl you called fat. She’s starving herself. The boy you made fun of for crying. His mother is dying. You think you know them. Guess what? You don’t. You don’t know their stories, soRead MoreWhat Did The Toys Received Or Played With During Childhood1057 Words   |  5 Pages What did the toys received or played with during childhood do to reinforce or break those patterns of gender socialization? In my opinion, if you are a boy, you played with trucks, action figures, toy weapons, or sports equipment. If you were a girl, you played dress-up, played with dolls, or pretend kitchen sets. As we grow, we learn how to behave from those around us. At a very early age, children are introduced to certain roles that are typically linked to their biological sex. The term genderRead MoreGender Roles. What Did The Toys Received Or Played With868 Words   |  4 PagesGender Roles What did the toys received or played with during childhood do to reinforce or break those patterns of gender socialization? In my opinion if you are a boy, you played with trucks, action figures, toy weapons, or sports equipment. If you were a girl, you played dress-up, played with dolls, or pretend kitchen sets. As we grow, we learn how to behave from those around us. At a very early age, children are introduced to certain roles that are typically linked to their biological sex. TheRead More`` Many Boys Today Define Masculinity Negatively `` By Leonard Sax970 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe the arguments each author makes, but keep your tone neutral/unbiased/reporter-like. 2. Write 5-7 sentences explaining which author you think made the best argument. Describe why you think the author won the argument. You do not need to agree with the author to think they won the argument. Are We Raising Sexist Sons? 1. In â€Å"Many Boys Today Define Masculinity Negatively†, the author Leonard Sax writes about how the meaning of masculinity has become redefined in a negative way. SaxRead MoreA Speech Of Stereotyping : Speech, And Stereotypes1474 Words   |  6 Pagesstereotypes-SPEECH First of all, what is a stereotype? According to google, a stereotype is a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing. To simply put it, a stereotype is when you judge someone based on their appearance, behaviour or race. Stereotyping is something that happens everyday. Usually before meeting or actually knowing someone. It has been proven that the instant we meet someone or the first few moments of encountering a new personRead MoreFeminism And Gender Roles Importance1632 Words   |  7 Pagesjudge someone in our world today. Being a girl is typically a sign of being weak, powerless, and not as important. If a man was called a girl, it means they are being childish, or stupid about a certain situation. On the reverse, being a man comes with many expectations of power and strength as well as just being the bigger, better person. They say boys learn how to be a man from none other than his father, or a father figure none the less. P eople stick on stereotypes for being both a girl and aRead MoreSexual Harassment And Its Effects On Children1661 Words   |  7 PagesSexual harassment is difficult to define, mostly due to the wide range of behaviors that are classified as sexual harassment. It could be a verbal suggestion, an unwanted picture being shown to someone, crude comments, or gestures, and, of course, it could be physical assault (Heritage, 1996). This difficult identification of sexual harassment leads to difficulty in presenting an education about it. In the end, any behavior that makes someone uncomfortable by someone else, in any sexual nature, shouldRead MoreGender Socialization : The Real World1442 Words   |  6 PagesGender Socialization When someone is pregnant, people will usually ask for the sex of the unborn child thus proving that people are socially categorized from the beginning of life and is something that is continued throughout life. One is expected to behave the way their assigned gender is supposed to behave. Gender socialization is when people are expected to act a certain way based on their â€Å"gender†. Through the following agents: family, schools, peers, and media, gender socialization is emphasizedRead MoreEssay on Problems Associated with Gender Socialization in Society1637 Words   |  7 Pagesconditioning begins. The child whether a boy or a girl will end up being taught many different sets of behaviours and how they should act. A boy is taught things such as sports, how to be complete and self reliant. He is also taught to be strong; such as when you get hurt to not cry, as society expects boys to not cry. Boys are also taught not to show emotions in anyway and to not show anyone how they feel or to not give the correct answer if asked how they feel. Boys are taught that this is the masculineRead MoreDeviations in Gender Roles in The Hunger Games, by Suzanne Collins,948 Words   |  4 Pages Do you wonder why girls wear make up and guys get their hair cut? Why when you dont follow these rules youre considered an outcast to the rest of the rule abiding world? In the book The Hunger Games, by Suzanne Collins, the main character, Katniss is put against 23 other tributes ages twelve to seventeen, one boy and one girl from each of the twelve districts in a fight... to the death. The hunger games gives the winning tribute(s) wealth and power for themselves and their district and the losers

Evaluation of ‘Critical Essay on ‘Theme for English B’’ free essay sample

â€Å"Evaluation of ‘Critical Essay on ‘Theme for English B’’† â€Å"Critical Essay on ‘Theme for English B’†, written by Chris Semansky, is just that: an analytical essay on Langston Hughes’ poem â€Å"Theme for English B†. The article is a dissection of the author’s insight on the subject matter. The paper provides a detailed assessment of the content of Langston Hughes’ work by providing the reader with perspective on Hughes’ possible thoughts about people and the way they view themselves as well as others and how it affects their own judgments about themselves.The author strengthens his evaluation with background information about the poet. The writer of the article speculates that the poem is actually self-biographical. Chris Semansky’s insight provides a unique perspective on the interpretation of â€Å"Theme for English B†. His observations are worded appropriately and concisely, and it is easy for one to comprehend how he would arrive at such conclusions. While one point made by the author is contradictory to something read elsewhere during the course of study for Composition 2, most of the content of this particular essay were dead-on.After reading this analysis, one feels as though they have a deeper understanding of the poem and the thought process Langston Hughes may have applied when writing â€Å"Theme for English B†. Mr. Semansky highlights several very legitimate, very interesting points in his assessment Hughes’ work. He writes, â€Å"†¦Hughes suggests that the self, rather than being coherent and autonomous, is actually the effect of relationships. † (Semansky, â€Å"Critical Essay on â€Å"Theme for English B†) Upon reading this statement, one realizes that, as people, we do apply others’ assessments of ourselves when defining who we really are. Whether this is something one â€Å"should† do is irrelevant; it is a reflexive act ingrained in us from infancy. As a society, one’s self-worth is contingent upon others’ acceptance of us. Hopefully this â€Å"checking in† of sorts diminishes in importance as people learn to filter out what is simply thinly veiled, undue bitterness from influences outside themselves. This influence can manifest itself in the way of race, creed, color, sex, etc. For example, a person who is raised in a Christian family may have very little regard for people of the Muslim faith.This is not necessarily because of a conflict that an individual within that family has endured with a person of a different faith; it is fair to say that most people are groomed in an egocentric manner in which they believe their beliefs and ideals are the only â€Å"right† ones. Therefore, there may be a certain, maybe even unintentional, feeling of separation toward others with different be liefs or lineage, as can be interpreted in Hughes’ poem. In â€Å"Theme for English B†, Hughes writes, â€Å"In â€Å"Theme for English B†, Hughes writes, â€Å"I am the only colored student in my class. (Kennedy and Gioia, 980). The implied reason for Hughes to write down what is plainly true is that the fact that the narrator is a man of color is somehow supposed to affect how he thinks, feels, acts, etc. and the absence of others who share his race leaves him a bit alienated and without â€Å"backup† in the classroom. Such a feeling may prohibit a person in the poem’s narrator’s position to hesitate to participate in class discussions for fear of ridicule or drawing even more attention to the solitary brown person in the class.When Hughes follows up with â€Å"Well, I like to eat, sleep, drink, and be in love†¦ I guess being colored doesn’t make me not like the same things other folks like who are other races. † (Kennedy and Gioia, 980), it’s almost as though Hughes’ narrator comes to the realization himself that he is not, in fact, so very alien from his classroom peers, or his neighbors, or his fellow man, whatever ethnicity that man may be. Mr.Semansky makes the argument that,† His black identity rests on the fact that there is also a white identity; his identity as a Southerner rests on the fact that there is a North; his identity as a student rests on the fact that there is a teacher; and his youth rests on the fact that there are those older than him. † (Semanksy, Critical Essay on Theme for English B. ) This is very intriguing. It certainly can be argued that for every quality there is a sort of opposite, of course in many instances there is an overlap.Considering tradition black and white culture, it’s obvious that some of the things we base these cultural values on are stereotypes at very best. However, the foundation of black culture in America is in slavery, and the opposite in this instance with reference to the white culture is in ownership of the African slaves, a kind of forced inequality. Although the Emancipation Proclamation began a long fight for supposed freedom and equality of all men, there is residual hatred and contempt even now. In the nstance of age being a factor, typically we look at our elders and bestow upon them the wisdom of the experience their years on earth have granted them. Age can also lock in old or obsolete ideals. The youth of a society oftentimes is regarded as more open minded and therefore more willing to â€Å"roll with the punches† and adapt to the changing times. With reference to the older professor, Hughes makes a subtle implication that the instructor will view the narrator’s assignment as different, as he is the only person of color in the entire class, saying, â€Å"So will my page be colored that I write? .. Being me, it will not be white. †(Kennedy and Gioia, 980). In the final segment of Mr. Semansky’s article, he describes the narrator of â€Å"Theme for English B† completing a poem, rather than the assigned page, as â€Å"an act of rebellionof questioning the instructors very identity as teacher. † (Semansky, Critical Essay on Theme for English B. ). This is quite a dramatic accusation, as the instructor’s instructions for the assignment are rather vague as described in the original poem by Hughes, the assignment was, â€Å"Go home and write a page tonight.And let that page come out of you-Then it will be true. † (Kennedy and Gioia, 979). There are no specific guidelines given anywhere else in the work; there are no boundaries set. To gather that the poem’s narrator is somehow violating some sacred code of respect to the instructor’s authority is absurd. It seems as though the assignment in the poem was to allow ample room for creative interpretation by the student body, therefore sharing some authority with the students in the jurisdiction of their own work. Critical Essay on ‘Theme for English B’† raises many valid points on what Langston Hughes intended to say to the reader and why. The breakdown of several parts of the poem and how they may have come to fruition were delightful to read and to interpret along with one’s own understanding of Hughes’ work. Although when reading another person’s interpretation of a creative work there may be a difference of opinion, it is often our own experiences which shape our own understanding , and vice versa. It is for this reason that poetry from centuries ago is still enjoyed, and quarreled over, now and for all time. Works Cited Semansky, Chris. Critical Essay on Theme for English B.   Poetry for Students. Ed. Mary Ruby. Vol. 6. Detroit: Gale Group, 1999. Literature Resource Center. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. Kennedy, X. J. , and Dana Gioia. Theme for English B  Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. 11th Ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2007. 979-80. Print.

Tata Motors free essay sample

1. Describe the economic characteristics of the global motor vehicle industry. The characteristics of the global motor vehicle industry are a boom in certain places and a bust in others all due to economic conditions in different nations. Four years after tow of Detroit Michigan’s big three went into bankruptcy American car makers are going â€Å"full throttle† with sales in August hitting an annual rate that if substantiated can take them back over 16 million and that is a rate that was last hit before the economic crisis and 80% higher than 2009 when GM and Chrysler went into bankruptcy. The opposite is happening in Europe being in its sixth year slump now and with a weak economy, high petroleum prices and an aging population being weighing factors on mass market car makers. This has led to cost cutting and over capacity for European car makers. This seems to be a trend worldwide as well as car makers are depending on there luxury brands to make them profitable. We will write a custom essay sample on Tata Motors or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tata has seen a profit due to Jaguar and Land Rover surging there net sales up 71% to 566 million dollars and raising revenues 31% to 568. 82 billion rupees. This came dispute as the company said â€Å"a weak operating environment in the India business which was more than offset by increasing wholesale volumes and richer product and market mixes at JLR†. This is similar to Renault depending on Nissan and sales of cars produced in low cost factories in Romania to cover domestic losses. Mercedes and BMW are generating healthy profits but Volkswagen despite having a leading European market share relies on Audi for 60% of there profits. This is the same story for Tata as Mahantesh Sabarad, an analyst at Fortune Financial Services India Ltd. Stated that JLR is driving more than 100% of the profit while the parent is incurring losses. 2. What are the key success factors for a successful firm in the global motor vehicle industry. I believe the first key factor for a successful firm in the global motor vehicle industry is to have sustainable practices be it the wages they pay, dealer networks, or operating cheap effective factories to produce high selling luxury cars at an affordable rate. The next factor is to have a quality, compelling products that innovate and capture the customers attention. This is clear in that while people are statistically staying away from buying a car in exchange for public transportation especially in England, that luxury cars are selling well in worldwide poor economies. I would say the next factor is to create cars to sell to the U. S. market. Take the foreign market for example where the Ford focus in the United states is a clear C list car that isn’t that desirable is a great seller in countries like Germany where it is highly desired. The third factor is public perception. Auto makers must capture the public attention for sales, not just make the â€Å"best† or cheapest car. For years in America we have an opinion that due to the bailout for example that foreign cars are better and as such seek out Mercedes, Audi, BMW, Jaguar etc. and not a Cadillac. We seen this with GM who was trying to sell the ponaic G8 that was half the cost of European performance sedans and was a failure in the U. S. despite being one of GMs most exciting cars ever made for the market. The forth factor would be to study the market carefully. Motor vehicle companies must compete globally to make a living and as such must examine the growing markets worldwide and examine what cars sell and what customers want to see in the future of automobiles. In summery take Japan for example in that operational efficiency, product differentiation and customer satisfaction were key factors in the success of Japanese automakers. Localization also played an important role in capturing market share. All of these factors show the changing dynamics of the global automotive industry. 3. What are Tata Motors internal strengths and weaknesses? Identify competencies that the companys major competitors are lacking. What market opportunities does the company have and what threats can you identify that may have negatively impact the companys future? One of Tatas strengths is that the strategy to keep local managers in new acquisitions seems to be a key for Tata. That along with only transporting a couple of senior managers from India into new markets seems to work for them. This allows them to trade expertise such as learning a work discipline and getting the product right the first time as it is stated from them that they learned after the Daewoo acquisition. The ownership of Jaguar and Land Rover is in my oppion there greatest strength due to that these brands have been giving Tata there only success and profitability in the global market while they are losing market share in their home market. Tata also has the strengths of being the number 1 manufacturer in India, 3rd largest bus manufacture by volume, 3rd largest passenger vehicle manufacturer in India, and 4th in manufacturing trucks by volume in the world. Tata also has a very high employee satisfaction of 65%. I see Tata as having many weaknesses that really need to be evaluated to make this company last as long as other motor vehicle makers have. First factor would be that Tata is very limited in there debt and financing agreements. Another weakness is the Nano. With sub par sells, lack of any bells and whistles, and questionable safety standards makes this poor performing car a major weakness especially since this was Tatas big product for their home market and simply isn’t selling there as well as cannot sell in the U. S. without costly additions and redesign. Although JLR was purchased by Tata no one associates them with the luxury brands and looks at Tata as commercial vehicles and low cost vehicles. Another key weakness for Tata is that they have a very high plant cost and the large variety of cars they design can increase complications in their supply chain management. Tata does face a few key opportunities that could potential boost the company to a positive note. The first factor would be a concentration on new JLR models to boost sales with them since this is simply the only products selling and reevaluate the Nano and their approach in India. Opportunities for Tata also can be the growing infrastructure on a massive scale in India that if utilized could boost Tatas sales on the home market. Also if Tata can penetrate the rural market in India before the competition they will find a niche to sell to that is projected to keep growing. Tata also has the opportunity to grow the business with new acquisitions and increasing exportation in nations such as China and England where sales are increasing for Tata. Tata is in a poor position in the global motor vehicle industry and as such face a great deal of threats. The first threat is the poor economic conditions in the foreign and domestic markets. In India they face a lowering growth rate, poor availability of credit, lower disposable income, high fuel prices, and inflation issues that are only predicted to be worse in the future. Tata also faces the threat of increased competition from foreign and domestic competition as they are losing claim in the home market to other Indian companies such as Maruti and also facing competition in the cheap, affordable car market with GM, Ford, and Renault all selling affordable cars international that are much more well equipped than the Nano. Tata as with many other manufacturing companies face environmental regulations that could cut into their business with such factors as the diesel taxes, emission levels, noise, safety, and pollution of their production facilities. Another threat for Tata is that in their home market they face political instability and changes in tax policies and regulations that always generates a threat for any business because it makes forecasting the marketplace that much more difficult. My last threat for Tata is a bit of a funny one that you will see from time to time in the business world. The word Tat in English means rubbish and this is something to take into consideration if they are to advertize there business when selling jaguar and land rover to a brand sensitive British market although sales of these two brands are up in the U. K. 4. Would you describe Tata Motors international strategy as a global, transnational, or multidomestic strategy? Explain your answer. I would describe Tata Motors international strategy as a multidomestic strategy. This is due to the very definition of the multidomestic strategy that a company tries to achieve a maximum local responsiveness by customizing both their product offering and marketing strategy to match different national conditions. This strategy also has companies such as Tata create different headquarters in different nations that are separated into different regional offices globally based on the cardinal directions: North, South, East, West. We can also see this also with Tatas strategy of the Nano in their home country of India and the sales of JLR in other nations such as England that have gave Tata their means for profitability as of right now. This differs from a global strategy due to Tata does not sell a standardized product all around the world and it is clear that Tata does not have a tight, controlled price of products across international markets and locations. Although transnational and multidomestic strategies are fairly close transnational differs from Tatas multinational business operates in several foreign countries, but it delegates strategic decision-making responsibility to its overseas subsidiaries, which operate as autonomous businesses where as transnational contain a varying degree of coordination between foreign nations and create value added features for a global environment but customized implications for regions that Tata doesn’t due besides in India. 5. What are the driving forces in the global motor vehicle industry? The first driving force in the global motor vehicle industry is innovation. Worldwide auto makers need an innovative edge as we seen in the Under Armour case to beat the fierce competition to the market with the next big car idea that will capture the imagination of the global populous. Innovation promotes an openness to think differently, welcome change, prepare for the unknown, wrestle with present problems, find solutions and recognize opportunity. The automotive industry embraces the hallmarks of innovation, from discoveries of pure science to the development of technologies and even the evolutions of practices on the manufacturing floor. The next driving force are the market trends. Auto makers studying the ins and outs of the global market and compete with fierce competition to capture a market share in key markets like China. To capture key margins companies are cutting prices, especially at the low end market that directly affects Tatas Nano even more to sell cheap middle income cars to growing markets worldwide. The next driving force is the production of the cars that these global forces make. This is a major disadvantage for Tata because they continue to carry a high cost of goods sold as well as a continuing growing inventory that hits Tata for a large amount of money and also connects to my argument for their poor supply chain management and the creation of models that fail to sale that Tata refuse to cut for a lose and move on. Worldwide driving force that we see is very prevalent today is export cost of cars. We see many companies opening facilities in emerging markets such as India, China, Brazil, and Russia to take advantage of huge markets as well as cheap labor and export cost to assist auto makers to help cut cost to achieve profitability and competitive advantage. 6. What are the relative strengths of the five competitive forces affecting the global automobile industry. The greatest factor affecting the global automobile industry is the shear intensity of rivalry in the industry. For Tata they face an emerging home market that is highly competitive that is improving its infrastructure and has robust growth prospects compared to other mature markets. These global competitors bring with them international expertise, global scale, advanced technology, and significant financial support. On top of the intense rivalry Tata faces losing market share in India and a failing car in the Nano that has not been improved on since 2010. The next factor is the bargaining power of buyers and it is mixed intensity in different nations. In the United States we always haggle with an automobiles price where as in locations such as Singapore this is far less common. Internationally the bargaining power of buyers in the CV segment is much higher than in the PV segment. However lowering a low cost product also lowers the bargaining power of buyers. With bargaining power of suppliers it truly depends on how each and every manufacturer handles all the automobile makers. For data my data show as -30 to -60 days working capital and inventory turnover of around 13 days so they are doing decent in this factor but the switching cost of suppliers no matter the company is increasingly high. The threat of substitutes is relatively low as no other method of travel offers the same level of freedom, ease of use, and speed as an automobile does. For Tata they create other means of travel being two- three wheelers being a direct substitute product and public transportation as an indirect substitute of transportation. There is research international that show less and less people are opting out of buying a car and using public transportation more often so this is defiantly a factor that may creep up and hurt the global marketplace. The threat of new entries is low due to the high cost of entry but it is easy for existing company’s to enter new markets as we can see in the case study with GM, Ford, and Renault all entering the Indian market not 2 years ago and hitting Tata hard with affordable cars that are greater equipped to sell to India and the global market as a whole. 7. What is the financial condition of Tata Motors as indicated from case Exhibits 3 and 4? What is the ability to meet short term obligations? What advice can you offer to Tatas management based on the information in the financial statement? Tata has many factors that must be observed in this income statement that must be examined. First is that Tata needs to look into reducing their cost of materials consumed as it increased more than 30 million rupees and only produced 4 million more in ending profit for the year. I would also recommend to Tata to reduce the cost they have with their employees. With my research of Tata employees being happy working their with a 65% approval rating they would not suffer from reducing this expense and trimming the fat so to speak. Also Tata must dive into their taxes as in 2011 they gained over 1 million rupees then the following year lost 40,000 rupees in the same category. With Exhibit 4 I would recommend that Tata use surplus revenue to pay off extensive liabilities and invest this capital their net worth into RD as well as share capital. Tata as described in Exhibits 3 and 4 is unstable with a current ratio under 1 at . 88 . This validates the issues Tata has with converting there products to cash minus the JLR branch that carries Tata. The last bit of advice I would offer to Tata is to simply buckle down and hit the drawing board to release products that are researched to sell globally and scrape the Nano in exchange for a passenger car that can sell globally. Due to great exchange rates in Tatas favor due to the Rupee decrease in value Tata must concentrate on selling in foreign markets like how the Jaguar and Land Rover are increasing in sales by 56 per cent in China, 51 per cent in the U. S. and up 20 per cent in the UK. I also believe that Tata is simply a new brand and if they want to compete with the giants of the industry like GM, Ford, Chrysler, Nissan, BMW etc. they have to create a name for themselves and not just depend on Jaguar and Land Rover for sales that they received from Ford on a fire sale. 8. What do you consider to be the most important problems and issues facing Tata Motors, based on your analysis of company and the global motor vehicle industry? Prioritize these problems and issues beginning with the most important. I believe the most important problem facing Tata Motors is there poor current ration and there dependence on the JLR branch to generate â€Å"over 100% of the profitability for the company. This is clearly a huge issue for Tata as it show that they cannot quickly convert inventory to cash as well as they have no brand recognition past the Indian marketplace for there name brand products. With the continuing failure of the Nano and their continuing support of this failing product Tata really needs to reevaluate the overall business structure and see that without JLR they are nothing. For the global market a major issue is the under performance of passenger cars but the resurgence of luxury automobiles. This creates fierce competition for the high end luxury brands as well as creates businesses ex Tata that may move a heavy concentration to their luxury brands. I would rate the global environment as the next major factor where growth rates are declining to five year lows and the general populous in large geographic regions are opting to use public transportation instead of buying a new car. The next factor is that Tata has to regain there share of the Indian market. With such an emerging market that is building an improved infrastructure and a growing urban and rural populous Tata would be daft not to reevaluate the Nano strategy and create an automobile that can sell in India, compete with the foreign company’s penetrating their marketplace, and also create a vehicle that can sell overseas. Tata must look to rebuild image and save face in the India marketplace as well as create automobiles under the Tata name that will sell to the masses to not only generate profit but increase what in my opinion is a low brand awareness. With a weak stock and poor turnaround time on merchandise it should be clear that Tata is not a company I would recommend to invest in unless management comes to grips and takes the market by the horns. 9. What actions would you suggest to the companys management team to help Tata Motors sustain or improve its competitive position in the domestic market and global markets, and its long -term financial performance? The first action I would recommend to Tata Motors is to concentrate on the global market with automobiles that will sell worldwide and meet worldwide standards of performance and safety. I believe if Tata would concentrate on there advantage of being an India company and truly utilize the exchange rates as they have with JLR they can release a worldwide automobile to get their brand name out to the people such the United States and we have seen many times before that despite some of our nations shortcomings that other nations look to the U. S. for the next big thing and Tata could capitalize on that with innovation and a revitalized production. For the domestic market the Nano is simply not selling and automobiles are seen as a luxury Item in India so I see Tata could look into their two and three wheel manufacturing for innovation and sales in there home market. If everyone uses scooters and motorcycles create the next big thing in two wheel travel in your home country and capture the home market again. Scooters are very popular in other nations such as Italy as well and could easier sell an innovative scooter to other nations thereby using the exchange rate to their advantage and again building new brand awareness. Tata must remove the stigma of being the guy that makes that cheap car and become the new big India brand in order to succeed. As much as I like Jaguars I feel that they cannot depend on their sales alone to carry the company and nor should they. Tata must examine their supply chain management and weak understanding of the Macro environment as well as in my opinion ether sell or innovate substantiates sales to invigorate the brands such as their passenger cars dropping 33. 44% and utility vehicles dropping 13. 18 %. Hyundai is having a field day in India while Tata suffers to regain market share but motorcycle sales did increase 18% which reenforces my call on increasing RD on motorcycles for international sale as well as go to the drawing board and see why your passenger cars are failing and fix it because it will get worse before it gets better. In summery for Tata I feel they need to look into better supply chain management, RD, concentrate on global market with building a stronger brand, stronger CV and PV sales, and with these factors in check hopefully increase demand for what could be an emerging brand if restructured accordingly.